While the idea of literal fecal matter being expelled from the mouth is inaccurate, a serious medical phenomenon exists where vomit contains intestinal contents, giving it a fecal appearance and odor. This condition signals a severe underlying issue requiring immediate medical attention.
Understanding Fecal Vomiting
This medical phenomenon is termed “fecal vomiting” or “vomiting feculent material.” It does not involve the digestive system reversing its entire process to expel formed stool through the mouth. Instead, it refers to vomit that has originated from the intestines, containing partially digested food, bile, and a high concentration of bacteria.
This material acquires a distinct and strong odor, often described as fecal, due to the breakdown products of digestion and the presence of colonic bacteria. Its appearance can range from brown to greenish-brown, resembling stool, which is why it is colloquially associated with “poop.”
Causes and Accompanying Symptoms
The primary reason for fecal vomiting is a severe obstruction in the intestines. When the normal passage of waste through the bowel is blocked, contents back up, leading to distension and regurgitation of intestinal material. Common obstructions include bowel strictures, tumors, and hernias, where a part of the intestine protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall.
Adhesions, bands of scar tissue often formed after abdominal surgery, can constrict or kink the intestines, preventing normal flow. Another cause is paralytic ileus, a condition where intestinal muscles stop working properly, leading to a functional blockage. These blockages cause digested material to accumulate and be expelled as feculent vomit. Individuals experience severe, cramping abdominal pain, noticeable bloating, and an inability to pass gas or stool, resulting in constipation. Nausea is common, and persistent vomiting can lead to significant dehydration.
When to Seek Medical Care
Fecal vomiting is a clear indication of a medical emergency. Anyone experiencing this symptom, or a combination of severe abdominal pain, bloating, and an inability to pass stool, should proceed directly to an emergency room. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are necessary to prevent severe complications. Delaying care can lead to serious issues like bowel perforation, where the intestinal wall ruptures, potentially causing peritonitis or widespread infection known as sepsis. Organ damage can occur if the blood supply to the obstructed bowel is compromised.
Medical professionals will identify and resolve the underlying obstruction quickly. This often involves diagnostic imaging, such as X-rays or CT scans, to pinpoint the exact location and nature of the blockage. Treatment approaches vary based on the cause but may include surgical intervention to remove the obstruction, medication to reduce swelling or stimulate bowel movement, or other medical procedures to decompress the bowel. Rapid action helps improve outcomes and mitigate the risk of life-threatening complications.