Uterine fibroids are common, non-cancerous growths that develop within the uterus. While many individuals experience no symptoms, others may have heavy bleeding or pelvic pain. A common question is whether these growths can naturally exit the body.
What Uterine Fibroids Are
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are growths made of muscle and connective tissue that form in or on the wall of the uterus. These benign growths are common noncancerous tumors found in individuals with a uterus. Fibroids can range significantly in size, from as small as a pea to larger than a grapefruit. Their location can vary, influencing the symptoms experienced.
Fibroids are classified based on their position. Intramural fibroids grow within the muscular wall of the uterus and are the most common type. Subserosal fibroids develop on the outer surface of the uterus, while submucosal fibroids grow just beneath the inner lining of the uterine cavity. Pedunculated fibroids attach to the uterus by a stalk and can be either subserosal or submucosal. Submucosal fibroids are particularly relevant to the possibility of expulsion due to their proximity to the uterine lining.
The Process of Passing Fibroid Tissue
It is possible for fibroid tissue to be expelled from the body, though this is not a common occurrence. This process typically happens when a fibroid undergoes degeneration, outgrowing its blood supply. It can also occur if a pedunculated fibroid twists, cutting off its blood supply. The uterus may then contract to push out the degenerating tissue.
When fibroid tissue is passed, its appearance can differ from typical menstrual clots. It might look like large, dark blood clots, or more fleshy, grayish, or reddish pieces of tissue. This expulsion can be accompanied by intense cramping as the uterus works to expel the tissue. Heavy bleeding is also a common symptom during this process.
When to Contact a Doctor
If you suspect you have passed fibroid tissue or are experiencing related symptoms, consult a healthcare provider. Seek immediate medical attention for:
Excessive or prolonged bleeding, such as soaking through one or more pads in an hour, or passing large blood clots.
Severe, sudden abdominal pain that is not relieved by pain medication.
Signs of infection, such as fever, chills, or a foul-smelling vaginal discharge.
Symptoms of anemia, including dizziness, weakness, or extreme fatigue due to significant blood loss.
If possible, saving any passed tissue for medical examination can assist in diagnosis.
Understanding Your Diagnosis
Medical diagnosis is important if fibroids are suspected or if you have experienced the passing of tissue. Healthcare providers often discover fibroids during a routine pelvic examination, where they may feel an enlarged or irregularly shaped uterus.
Following a physical exam, imaging tests are typically used to confirm the presence, size, and location of fibroids. An ultrasound is a common initial imaging technique to visualize the uterus and ovaries. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides more detailed images to determine fibroid characteristics.
In some cases, a hysteroscopy, which involves inserting a thin, lighted instrument into the uterus, may be performed to directly visualize fibroids. Once a diagnosis is established, a healthcare provider can discuss management options tailored to your specific symptoms and fibroid characteristics.