Uterine polyps are common growths that develop within the uterus. These growths are typically non-cancerous and form from an overgrowth of the endometrium, the tissue lining the inside of the uterus.
Understanding Uterine Polyps
Uterine polyps, also called endometrial polyps, are soft tissue growths originating from the inner lining of the uterus. They can vary in size, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters, potentially as large as a golf ball. These polyps can attach to the uterine wall by a thin stalk or a broad base and extend into the uterine cavity.
They can lead to various symptoms. Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common indicator, including irregular menstrual periods, unusually heavy bleeding, or spotting between periods. Bleeding after menopause also warrants medical attention. In some instances, uterine polyps can contribute to difficulty conceiving.
Can Uterine Polyps Be Passed?
Uterine polyps can be expelled naturally from the body, though this is not the most frequent outcome. Smaller polyps may detach and pass, often during menstruation or as a result of uterine contractions.
When a polyp is passed, it might appear as fleshy, clot-like, or stringy tissue, ranging in color from tan to red or brown. Due to their appearance, passed polyps can sometimes be mistaken for blood clots or other menstrual discharge. While some polyps may protrude through the cervix into the vagina, most remain within the uterus unless expelled.
What to Do After Passing a Polyp
Even if you believe you have passed a uterine polyp, it is important to contact a healthcare provider for evaluation. This is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions that might present with similar symptoms, such as fibroids or, in rare cases, precancerous or cancerous changes. A professional can determine the nature of the expelled tissue and assess your overall health.
If possible, bringing a sample of the passed tissue to your appointment can be helpful for pathological examination. This laboratory analysis can provide a definitive diagnosis and check for any abnormal cells. Afterward, monitor for any continued symptoms, such as persistent bleeding or discomfort, and report these to your healthcare provider.
Medical Management of Uterine Polyps
The management of uterine polyps varies depending on their size, symptoms, and the individual’s overall health and risk factors. Diagnostic methods often include transvaginal ultrasound or sonohysterography, which uses fluid to enhance visualization. Hysteroscopy, a procedure where a thin, lighted scope is inserted into the uterus, allows for direct visualization and can also be used for removal.
For small, asymptomatic polyps, a “watchful waiting” approach may be recommended, as some can resolve spontaneously. Medications that help regulate hormone levels, such as progestins, might be used to alleviate symptoms, but these are often a temporary solution. The definitive treatment for symptomatic or larger polyps is typically surgical removal, known as a polypectomy, often performed during a hysteroscopy.