Over-the-counter (OTC) sleeping pills are widely accessible medications designed to help individuals fall asleep or stay asleep. Despite being available without a prescription, these medications carry risks. An overdose is possible if taken in excessive amounts or combined improperly with other substances. Understanding their components, recognizing an overdose, and knowing preventive measures is important for safe use.
Common Ingredients in OTC Sleeping Pills
Most OTC sleeping pills contain first-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine (e.g., Benadryl) and doxylamine succinate (e.g., Unisom). These ingredients work by blocking histamine H1 receptors in the brain, inhibiting histamine, a neurotransmitter that promotes wakefulness. This action induces drowsiness and sedation. Both also possess anticholinergic properties, blocking acetylcholine, which further contributes to their sedative effects and can cause side effects such as dry mouth and blurred vision.
Recognizing an Overdose
An overdose occurs when excessive amounts are consumed or combined with other substances like alcohol or sedatives. Symptoms often extend beyond typical side effects and warrant immediate medical attention.
An overdose can cause severe drowsiness, confusion, disorientation, and blurred vision. More serious effects include hallucinations, agitation, dry mouth, difficulty urinating, rapid heart rate (tachycardia), and low blood pressure. In severe cases, seizures, coma, or respiratory depression may occur. Doxylamine succinate overdose can also cause slurred speech, dilated pupils, and rarely, rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown).
Emergency Response for Overdose
If an overdose is suspected, immediate action is crucial. Call emergency services or a poison control center right away. In the United States, the national toll-free Poison Help hotline is 1-800-222-1222, available 24 hours a day.
When contacting them, be prepared to provide specific information: the person’s age, weight, and current condition. Also state the product name, its active ingredients if known, the approximate amount consumed, and the time of ingestion. Remain with the individual, monitoring their breathing and responsiveness until professional help arrives. Do not attempt to induce vomiting or self-treat, as this can worsen the situation.
Preventing Accidental Overdose
Preventing accidental overdose involves careful medication use and storage. Always read and strictly follow label instructions and recommended dosages. Taking more than the directed amount, or “double-dosing,” significantly increases overdose risk. Be aware of potential drug interactions, especially with alcohol or other sedatives, as combining them can amplify sedative effects and lead to dangerous outcomes.
Consult a healthcare provider or pharmacist before starting any new OTC sleeping pill, particularly if other medications are being taken or if underlying health conditions exist. Proper storage is another preventive measure. Keep all OTC sleeping pills in a cool, dry place, away from heat and moisture. Always store them out of reach and sight of children to prevent accidental ingestion.