Naproxen is a widely used medication, available both over-the-counter and by prescription. While effective for pain and inflammation, it is important to understand that an overdose is possible. Recognizing the signs of an overdose and knowing how to respond can be crucial for safety.
Naproxen: What It Is and Safe Use
Naproxen is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID. It works by reducing the body’s production of substances that cause inflammation, pain, and fever. This makes it effective for conditions such as arthritis, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, and headaches.
Over-the-counter naproxen is typically available in 220 mg tablets. For adults and children 12 years and older, the recommended dose is one tablet (220 mg) every 8 to 12 hours as needed. An initial dose of two tablets (440 mg) can be taken within the first hour, but subsequent doses should be 220 mg. It is important not to exceed 660 mg (three tablets) within a 24-hour period for over-the-counter use.
Prescription strengths of naproxen vary, with tablets typically ranging from 250 mg to 500 mg. Depending on the condition being treated, such as arthritis or acute pain, dosages can range from 250-550 mg taken once or twice daily. The usual maximum daily dose for prescription naproxen is generally 1,000 mg to 1,100 mg, although in certain situations like acute gout or severe flare-ups, a healthcare provider might temporarily increase it to 1,500 mg per day for a limited period. Always follow the specific instructions on the medication label or from a healthcare provider, as exceeding recommended limits increases the risk of adverse effects, including overdose.
Signs of Naproxen Overdose
Gastrointestinal symptoms are common, including nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and heartburn. More serious gastrointestinal issues can involve stomach bleeding, which may manifest as vomiting blood or material resembling coffee grounds, or black, tarry stools.
Central nervous system effects may also occur, such as drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, agitation, and severe headache. In more severe cases, individuals might experience unsteadiness, movement problems, blurred vision, or ringing in the ears. Serious neurological symptoms can include seizures, muscle tremors, restlessness, and even coma.
Kidney problems, indicated by reduced urine output, blood in the urine, or swelling, can develop, and in some cases, acute kidney failure may occur. Liver damage might be signaled by yellowing of the skin or eyes. Additionally, symptoms like difficulty breathing, wheezing, or an irregular heartbeat can arise in a severe overdose.
What to Do in an Overdose Emergency
If a naproxen overdose is suspected, seek immediate medical attention. Call emergency services or contact a poison control center without delay. The national toll-free Poison Help hotline is 1-800-222-1222 and is available 24 hours a day.
When speaking with emergency responders or poison control, provide as much information as possible. This includes the person’s age, weight, and current condition, along with the name of the product, its strength, the amount swallowed, and the time of ingestion. Do not wait for all information to be available before calling for help.
Medical interventions for naproxen overdose are primarily supportive, as there is no specific antidote. If the ingestion was recent, activated charcoal may be administered to help prevent the body from absorbing the medication. Healthcare providers will monitor vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing, and blood pressure, and treat symptoms as they arise. In severe cases, treatments might include intravenous fluids or medications to manage specific symptoms.
Avoiding Accidental Overdose
Always follow the dosage instructions precisely as written on the product label or as directed by a healthcare professional. Never take more than the recommended amount or more frequently than advised, as this increases the risk of harmful effects.
Be aware of other medications being taken, especially those that might contain naproxen or other NSAIDs. Many over-the-counter remedies can contain similar active ingredients, leading to accidental duplication and excessive dosing. Always check ingredient lists. Store naproxen and all medications securely, out of the reach and sight of children and pets, to prevent unintentional ingestion.
If there is any uncertainty about dosing, potential interactions with other medications, or if an individual has underlying health conditions such as kidney disease, heart problems, or a history of stomach ulcers, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable.