Overdosing on mood stabilizers is possible. These medications primarily manage intense mood shifts in conditions like bipolar disorder. An overdose, whether accidental or intentional, or due to drug interactions, is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention. Recognizing the signs and knowing the appropriate response is important for safety.
What Are Mood Stabilizers?
Mood stabilizers regulate extreme mood fluctuations, particularly the high (manic) and low (depressive) episodes characteristic of bipolar disorder. They influence brain chemistry by modulating neurotransmitter activity, helping to stabilize mood swings. These medications do not cure mood disorders but aim to reduce the intensity and frequency of mood episodes.
Lithium is a well-known mood stabilizer, approved for treating mania and preventing recurrent episodes. Other common mood stabilizers include anticonvulsant medications like valproate (valproic acid), lamotrigine, and carbamazepine. Some atypical antipsychotics also possess mood-stabilizing properties and may be used in treatment.
Recognizing the Signs of an Overdose
Overdose signs vary by medication, amount ingested, and individual factors, but common patterns exist. Neurological symptoms include drowsiness, confusion, slurred speech, and unsteadiness. Tremors, muscle weakness, and lack of coordination can also occur. In more severe cases, individuals may experience seizures, altered consciousness, or even a coma.
Gastrointestinal issues often present as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Abdominal pain may also be present. Cardiovascular effects can include an irregular heartbeat, rapid heart rate, or low blood pressure. Other potential signs involve kidney problems, such as changes in urination, and respiratory depression, which can lead to slow or shallow breathing.
Emergency Response and Medical Treatment
If a mood stabilizer overdose is suspected, contact emergency services, such as 911, or a poison control center immediately. Provide responders with as much information as possible, including the type and amount of medication taken, when it was ingested, the person’s age and weight, and any other medications they are taking.
Avoid attempting to induce vomiting or giving the person anything by mouth unless specifically instructed by medical professionals. Hospital treatment for overdose typically involves supportive care, monitoring vital signs, and ensuring adequate breathing and circulation.
Activated charcoal may be administered if ingestion was recent to prevent further drug absorption. Intravenous fluids are often used to maintain hydration and kidney function. Specific interventions, like hemodialysis for excess lithium or valproate, may be necessary in severe cases.
Practicing Safe Medication Use
To minimize the risk of accidental overdose, always take mood stabilizers exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider. Never adjust the dosage or stop taking the medication without consulting a doctor, as this can lead to serious health complications or withdrawal effects. Sharing medication with others is unsafe and should be avoided.
Proper storage of medications is important. Keep them in their original containers, securely stored out of reach of children, pets, and anyone else who might misuse them. When medications are no longer needed or have expired, dispose of them properly, often through take-back programs, rather than flushing them down the toilet or throwing them in the trash. Open communication with your doctor about all medications, supplements, and any concerns or side effects is essential for safe and effective treatment. Discussing potential drug interactions with your healthcare provider can further enhance medication safety.