It is possible for a person to live with only one lung. While having both lungs is ideal for optimal respiratory function, the human body possesses a remarkable capacity for adaptation. Many individuals with a single functioning lung can lead relatively normal lives. This condition can arise from various circumstances.
Causes of Single Lung Existence
An individual might have only one lung due to congenital conditions. Rare birth defects like pulmonary agenesis or hypoplasia involve the incomplete development or complete absence of one lung. In such cases, the body adapts from early development.
A more common reason for single lung existence is surgical removal, known as a pneumonectomy. This operation is performed when one lung is severely damaged or diseased beyond repair. Conditions necessitating surgery include extensive lung cancer, severe tuberculosis, or traumatic chest injuries. Non-malignant conditions like severe bronchiectasis or fungal infections that destroy lung tissue may also lead to a pneumonectomy.
Physiological Adaptations and Daily Life
The remaining lung often undergoes hyperinflation, expanding to occupy the space left by the removed lung and increasing its capacity to take in oxygen. The diaphragm and chest wall also adapt to support altered respiratory mechanics, helping to compensate for the reduced lung volume.
Despite these adaptations, breathing capacity is inherently reduced, typically to about half. While normal daily activities are often manageable, strenuous physical activity may become more challenging. Individuals may experience shortness of breath more easily during exertion, such as climbing stairs or running. Overall energy levels might also be affected, requiring individuals to learn to pace themselves.
Medical Follow-up and Long-Term Outlook
Ongoing medical care is important for individuals living with one lung. Regular medical check-ups, including lung function tests and imaging, monitor the health and efficiency of the remaining lung and the entire respiratory system. This allows healthcare providers to identify any potential issues early and manage them effectively.
Pulmonary rehabilitation, which includes physical therapy and breathing exercises, plays an important role in maximizing lung function and improving quality of life. These programs help individuals strengthen their respiratory muscles and learn techniques to breathe more efficiently. While many individuals lead fulfilling lives, potential long-term issues include increased susceptibility to respiratory infections or strain on the remaining lung. The long-term outlook depends on the underlying reason for the condition and the individual’s overall health status.