Dialysis is a medical treatment that takes over the function of failing kidneys, filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood. For many, a diagnosis requiring dialysis raises questions about living a “normal” life. While life with dialysis involves adaptations, a fulfilling and active life remains achievable with management and support.
Adjusting to a New Routine
Beginning dialysis introduces significant changes to a person’s daily schedule and lifestyle. Adjustments depend on the type of dialysis, with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis being the two primary methods. Hemodialysis typically involves treatments three times a week, each lasting four to five hours. This fixed schedule requires patients to plan activities around regular sessions and account for travel time.
Peritoneal dialysis offers more flexibility as it is performed at home, often daily. This method uses the abdominal lining to filter the blood, with fluid exchanged manually several times a day or overnight by machine. It still requires dedicated time for exchanges and careful management of supplies.
Alongside treatment schedules, dietary and fluid restrictions become a routine aspect for most dialysis patients. Patients are advised to limit fluid intake, including all liquids and foods liquid at room temperature. Adhering to these fluid limits often involves strategies like consuming cold fruits, sucking on hard candies, or using small cups. Dietary adjustments also include limiting sodium, potassium, and phosphorus to prevent their accumulation in the body.
Prioritizing Physical and Mental Health
Managing physical and mental well-being is a central aspect of living with dialysis. Fatigue is a common symptom, often stemming from the dialysis process, anemia, or waste buildup. Patients learn to manage their energy by pacing activities and prioritizing rest, particularly after hemodialysis sessions. Engaging in light physical activity, such as walking, can help combat fatigue and improve mood, though it is important to consult with a healthcare provider about appropriate exercise levels.
The demands of regular dialysis can affect mental health, leading to anxiety, depression, and isolation. These emotional challenges can be compounded by lifestyle changes. Coping strategies often include maintaining open communication with loved ones and seeking support from mental health professionals or support groups.
Connecting with others who share similar experiences provides a sense of community and understanding. Organizations offer various support groups, online or via telephone, where patients can share insights, receive advice, and build connections. Multidisciplinary care teams often include social workers who provide counseling and resources.
Engaging in Work, Social Life, and Leisure
Living with dialysis does not mean an end to professional, social, and recreational activities. Many individuals on dialysis continue to work by adjusting their schedules to accommodate treatment sessions. Flexibility offered by home dialysis, for instance, can allow for more adaptable work hours. Open communication with employers about treatment schedules and potential accommodations can facilitate maintaining employment.
Social relationships and family life can be sustained and adapted. While dialysis sessions are time-consuming, technology like video calls and messaging apps helps maintain connections. Organizing smaller gatherings at home allows individuals to control their environment, including dietary needs, while enjoying company. Honesty with friends and family about energy levels and dietary restrictions helps them understand and accommodate needs.
Leisure activities, hobbies, and travel remain possible with careful planning. Patients often use dialysis treatment time for activities like reading, knitting, listening to music or podcasts, or journaling. Travel is generally possible safely while continuing treatment. This might involve arranging for in-center treatments at the destination or, for home dialysis patients, traveling with portable machines or having supplies shipped ahead. Planning travel several weeks in advance and consulting with the dialysis care team are recommended to ensure seamless treatment arrangements.