Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a widely recognized marker in discussions about reproductive health and fertility planning. This hormone is measured through a simple blood test, providing information sought by individuals considering pregnancy or exploring fertility treatment options. The resulting number is often interpreted as a snapshot of one’s reproductive timeline. The central question is whether this level can be actively influenced or increased through interventions. This topic requires a careful examination of the biological facts and the current scientific consensus.
What AMH Measures
Anti-Müllerian Hormone is a protein produced by the granulosa cells surrounding the eggs in small ovarian follicles, specifically those in the preantral and small antral stages. Because it is secreted by these developing follicles, AMH detected in the blood serves as a proxy measurement for Ovarian Reserve, the remaining pool of eggs within the ovaries. Higher AMH levels generally indicate a greater number of follicles and a larger ovarian reserve, while lower levels suggest a diminished reserve.
AMH levels tend to peak around age 25 and naturally decline as a woman ages, reflecting the continuous depletion of the fixed pool of eggs she was born with. A typical average AMH level is often cited as being between 1.0 and 3.0 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL), though this range varies by age. Levels below 1.0 ng/mL are commonly considered low. AMH is highly stable throughout the menstrual cycle, meaning the blood test can be performed at any time. AMH provides an estimate of the quantity of eggs remaining, but it is not a reliable predictor of the quality of those eggs or a definitive verdict on fertility.
Current Scientific Consensus on Raising AMH
The prevailing scientific view is that it is not possible to permanently increase AMH levels. This is because the AMH number reflects the finite, non-regenerating supply of primordial follicles. The number of eggs a woman has is genetically determined and naturally declines over time, a process that cannot be reversed. AMH acts as a regulator, inhibiting the activation of primordial follicles to slow the rate at which the ovarian reserve is depleted.
While the ovarian reserve cannot be regenerated, temporary fluctuations in AMH levels can occur. For instance, hormonal birth control has been shown to temporarily suppress AMH levels, which may appear to “rise” after stopping the medication. Measurement errors or conditions like a Vitamin D deficiency can also lead to a falsely low reading that corrects upon re-testing or supplementation. These instances reflect a correction or a temporary change in the hormone’s expression, not a true increase in the number of eggs available. The consensus remains that the number itself is fixed, and the focus should be on maximizing the potential of the existing reserve.
Lifestyle Factors and Supplementation
Attention has shifted from trying to increase the AMH number to improving the environment for the remaining follicles, focusing on egg quality. Chronic inflammation and stress can negatively affect ovarian function. Managing these factors through lifestyle changes may be beneficial. A balanced diet rich in antioxidants, found in foods like berries and dark leafy greens, helps protect ovarian cells from oxidative stress and damage. Regular, moderate exercise and adequate sleep are also recommended to support overall hormonal balance.
Targeted supplementation is a common area of public interest, with several compounds studied for their potential to support egg health. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), or its active form ubiquinol, supports mitochondrial health and energy production within the egg cell. DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) is another supplement sometimes recommended under medical supervision, as it may support follicle development in certain populations. Myo-Inositol is often utilized for its role in egg maturation and improving fertilization rates, especially in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
Focusing on Egg Quality and Ovarian Function
The most productive strategy for those with low AMH is to shift the focus from egg quantity to egg quality. A low AMH level does not mean that pregnancy is impossible, as conception requires only one healthy egg. Even with a diminished ovarian reserve, a woman with regular ovulation may have the same chance of conceiving naturally as a woman of the same age with a higher AMH.
Improving blood flow to the ovaries is a key focus, as better circulation delivers necessary nutrients and oxygen to the developing follicles. This can be supported through moderate exercise and potentially alternative therapies like acupuncture. Managing underlying health conditions, such as thyroid disorders or endometriosis, is also important for optimizing ovarian function and preparing the body for conception. The goal of these interventions is to ensure that the eggs available are as healthy and robust as possible.