Strep throat can occur even without a fever. While a fever is a common symptom of this bacterial infection, its absence does not rule out a diagnosis. Recognizing strep throat can present without a fever is important for timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications.
Strep Throat Symptoms Without a Fever
Strep throat, caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria, can cause several symptoms even without a fever. A sudden, severe sore throat is a common indicator, often making swallowing difficult. You might observe red and swollen tonsils, sometimes with white patches or streaks of pus. Tiny, red spots on the roof of the mouth, known as petechiae, may also be a sign.
Other symptoms include headache, stomachache, nausea, or vomiting, particularly in younger children. Unlike a common cold, strep throat typically does not cause a cough or runny nose. Recognizing these symptoms helps distinguish strep throat from viral infections.
Confirming a Strep Diagnosis
A medical professional diagnoses strep throat, as symptoms alone are not enough for confirmation, especially when atypical. Primary diagnostic tools include a rapid strep test, also known as a Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RADT), and a throat culture. The rapid strep test involves swabbing the back of the throat to detect bacterial antigens, providing results within minutes.
While rapid tests are convenient, a negative result may sometimes require a follow-up throat culture, especially in children, to confirm the absence of infection. A throat culture involves sending a swab sample to a laboratory for bacterial growth, providing a more definitive diagnosis. Results for a throat culture can take 24 to 48 hours.
Why Untreated Strep is a Concern
Untreated strep throat can lead to serious health concerns, even if initial symptoms seem mild or atypical. A significant complication is acute rheumatic fever, a rare but severe inflammatory disease. This condition can affect the heart, joints, brain, and skin, potentially causing lasting heart valve damage. Antibiotic treatment, even if started up to nine days after infection onset, can prevent rheumatic fever.
Another possible complication is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, which involves inflammation of the kidneys. While often resolving on its own, this condition can, in some cases, lead to more severe kidney issues. These complications highlight the importance of proper diagnosis and completing the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve quickly.
Getting Medical Help and Treatment
Seek medical attention if you suspect strep throat, especially with a severe sore throat or difficulty swallowing. A medical professional can assess symptoms and perform diagnostic tests, such as a rapid strep test or throat culture, to confirm Group A Streptococcus bacteria. Early diagnosis allows for prompt treatment and helps prevent complications.
Strep throat is treated with antibiotics, commonly penicillin or amoxicillin, which are effective against the bacteria. Complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed, typically for 10 days, even if symptoms improve within a day or two. Finishing the full course ensures bacterial eradication, reduces recurrence risk, and helps prevent serious health concerns like rheumatic fever.