Appendicitis is a common medical emergency involving inflammation of the appendix, a small finger-shaped pouch extending from the large intestine. While vomiting is frequently associated with this condition, its absence does not rule out appendicitis. Recognizing the other signs and symptoms is important for timely diagnosis and treatment.
Understanding Appendicitis Symptoms
Appendicitis typically begins with a dull pain around the navel. This discomfort usually intensifies and shifts to the lower right side of the abdomen, often localizing to an area known as McBurney’s point. The pain may worsen with movement, coughing, or pressing on the area.
Beyond abdominal pain, other common symptoms can accompany appendicitis. Patients often experience a loss of appetite, and nausea may occur, sometimes leading to vomiting. A low-grade fever, typically between 99 and 102 degrees Fahrenheit (37.2 to 38.9 degrees Celsius), can also be present. Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea, are also reported.
Key Indicators When Vomiting Isn’t Present
Even without vomiting, the progression and nature of abdominal pain remain a primary indicator of appendicitis. The initial diffuse pain near the navel that migrates and becomes sharp and constant in the lower right abdomen is suggestive. This pain often worsens when pressure is applied to the lower right abdomen and then released, a phenomenon known as rebound tenderness. Muscle guarding or rigidity in the abdominal area can also be observed as inflammation progresses.
Loss of appetite is a common symptom. A low-grade fever, typically 99-100°F, often signals inflammation. Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation, diarrhea, or difficulty passing gas, can also indicate appendicitis. Less common symptoms include dull or sharp pain in other areas of the belly, back, or rear end, and painful or difficult urination. The presence of several of these symptoms together, even without vomiting, should raise suspicion for appendicitis.
When to Seek Urgent Medical Care
Persistent abdominal pain, especially if it worsens over a few hours or is accompanied by other symptoms like loss of appetite or fever, warrants immediate medical evaluation. Delaying diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis carries risks, including the potential for the appendix to rupture. A ruptured appendix can spread infection throughout the abdomen, leading to peritonitis, a serious condition that requires immediate surgery and cleaning of the abdominal cavity.
The risk of rupture increases after 48 hours from the onset of symptoms. If you suspect appendicitis, avoid self-treating or waiting for symptoms to improve on their own. Instead, seek immediate medical attention, especially if the pain is severe, rapidly worsening, or disrupting daily activities or sleep.