An ingrown fingernail, a condition often associated with the toes, can also affect the fingers. While less common than ingrown toenails, fingernails can grow into the surrounding skin, leading to discomfort. This can disrupt daily activities, making tasks like typing or doing dishes painful. Ingrown fingernails typically heal without complications.
What is an Ingrown Fingernail?
An ingrown fingernail, medically known as onychocryptosis, occurs when the edge of the nail grows into the soft tissue surrounding it. This causes the nail to press into the skin, often resulting in inflammation. Common indicators include pain, redness, swelling, and tenderness around the affected nail.
The condition usually affects one side of the nail, but can sometimes involve both. Pus or fluid oozing from the area can signal an infection. Discomfort can range from mild to severe.
Why Fingernails Become Ingrown
Fingernails can become ingrown for several reasons, with improper nail care being a frequent factor. Cutting nails too short or rounding the corners instead of trimming them straight across can encourage the nail to grow into the skin. Nail biting also contributes by damaging the nail’s shape and can introduce bacteria, raising the chance of infection.
Trauma or injury to the finger or nail can also lead to an ingrown fingernail. This might include crushing injuries, repetitive pressure from certain activities, or a broken nail. Occupations involving frequent pressure on the nails, such as writing, typing, or sewing, can reshape the nail and cause it to curve into the skin. Ill-fitting gloves or tight finger coverings can also exert pressure that forces the nail to grow abnormally. Certain medical conditions or medications can also affect nail growth, increasing the likelihood of ingrown nails.
Managing an Ingrown Fingernail
At-Home Care
For mild to moderate ingrown fingernails, home care can often provide relief. Soaking the affected finger in warm water for 15 to 20 minutes, two to three times a day, can help reduce swelling and pain. Adding Epsom salt or plain salt to the water may further aid in softening the skin and easing discomfort. After soaking, gently pat the finger dry and carefully push the swollen skin away from the nail.
Applying an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment can help prevent infection, and covering the area loosely with a clean bandage can keep it protected. Avoid attempting to cut out the ingrown portion of the nail at home, as this can worsen the condition or lead to infection. Instead, focus on encouraging the nail to grow out properly.
When to Seek Professional Help
There are specific signs that indicate the need for professional medical attention. If there are clear signs of infection, such as pus draining from the ingrown fingernail, increased redness spreading beyond the immediate area, or throbbing pain, a doctor should be consulted. A fever accompanying the pain is also a serious indicator.
Seek medical advice if the pain is severe, if the condition worsens despite consistent home care, or if you have underlying health conditions. Underlying conditions like diabetes or poor circulation can complicate healing and increase the risk of serious infection. A healthcare professional can assess the situation and recommend appropriate treatment, which may include medical interventions if home remedies are insufficient.
Preventing Ingrown Fingernails
Preventing ingrown fingernails largely involves adopting proper nail care practices. Always trim fingernails straight across rather than rounding the corners or cutting them too short. This technique helps ensure the nail grows outward and avoids digging into the surrounding skin. Using clean, sharp nail clippers also contributes to a clean cut and minimizes trauma to the nail.
Avoid nail biting or picking at the nails and the skin around them, as these habits can damage the nail bed and increase the likelihood of ingrowth and infection. When engaging in activities that might cause finger trauma or prolonged exposure to water, wearing protective gloves can shield the nails. Maintaining good hand hygiene, including regular washing and thorough drying, also helps prevent infections.