Glitter adds sparkle to various items from cosmetics to crafts. While true allergic reactions are uncommon, adverse responses can occur due to its physical properties or chemical components. Understanding how glitter interacts with the body can clarify why some individuals experience discomfort or irritation.
Understanding Glitter’s Components
Glitter is primarily composed of small, reflective particles from various materials. Most modern glitter is plastic, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or acrylic, often combined with aluminum for reflection. Other common components include titanium dioxide, iron oxide, bismuth oxychloride, dyes, and adhesives. Some mineral glitter may use mica powder.
These materials can act as irritants. The manufacturing process cuts large sheets into tiny particles, resulting in sharp, abrasive edges. These physical characteristics contribute to mechanical irritation upon contact. Dyes, adhesives, or even the plastic itself can sometimes trigger sensitivities.
Glitter Reactions and Symptoms
Reactions to glitter range from mechanical irritation to hypersensitivity responses. If glitter gets into the eyes, its sharp particles can scratch the cornea, leading to pain, redness, tearing, and a foreign object sensation. Corneal abrasions can sometimes become infected.
On the skin, contact with glitter can result in redness, itching, or a rash, known as contact dermatitis. Irritant contact dermatitis, the more common type, occurs when skin reacts to irritating substances or friction from glitter’s abrasive particles. Allergic contact dermatitis, though rarer, happens when the immune system reacts to a specific substance in the glitter, such as certain dyes, preservatives like methylchloroisothiazolinone found in glitter glue, or adhesives. Symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis include an itchy, bumpy, or weeping rash that can appear hours to days after exposure.
Inhaling fine glitter particles, especially craft glitter, can irritate the respiratory system, potentially leading to coughing, sneezing, or exacerbating conditions like asthma. Repeated inhalation or exposure to large amounts can lead to respiratory irritation. In rare instances, particularly with industrial glitter or powdered pigments, inhalation can cause more serious respiratory distress, requiring medical intervention.
Managing Glitter Sensitivity
For individuals who experience adverse reactions to glitter, several strategies can help manage and prevent symptoms. The most direct approach involves avoiding glitter-containing products, opting for glitter-free alternatives in cosmetics or craft supplies. When working with glitter, use protective barriers like gloves and safety glasses to prevent direct skin and eye contact. Using cosmetic-grade glitter, specifically formulated for skin and eyes, can also reduce irritation risk, as craft glitter often has sharper edges and different dyes.
If glitter contacts the skin and causes irritation, gently wash the affected area with mild soap and water to remove particles and alleviate symptoms. For eye irritation, flush eyes with a sterile eyewash solution or artificial tears to remove glitter. Avoid rubbing eyes, as this can worsen corneal abrasions. Over-the-counter remedies like hydrocortisone cream or colloidal oatmeal baths can soothe irritated skin. If symptoms persist, worsen, or include severe pain, blurred vision, signs of infection, or significant respiratory distress, seek professional medical advice from a doctor or ophthalmologist.