A mammogram is an X-ray imaging technique used to examine breast tissue for the detection of abnormalities, including breast cancer. Generally, it is indeed possible and considered safe for individuals who are lactating to have a mammogram. This imaging can proceed without concerns for the baby or the breast milk.
Undergoing a Mammogram While Breastfeeding
The radiation exposure from a mammogram is minimal and specifically localized to the breast area. This low dose of radiation does not pose a risk to the baby and does not contaminate breast milk. Therefore, there is no need to discard breast milk, often referred to as “pump and dump,” after a mammogram. You can continue to breastfeed immediately following the procedure.
If there is a concern about a breast change, such as a lump, it is important not to delay evaluation due to breastfeeding. Healthcare providers can proceed with mammography as needed, ensuring timely assessment.
How Breastfeeding Affects Mammogram Interpretation
Breastfeeding significantly impacts the density of breast tissue, which can affect the interpretation of mammogram images. During lactation, hormonal changes, including increased levels of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, stimulate the growth of glandular and fibrous tissue responsible for milk production. This increase in glandular tissue and milk content makes the breasts appear denser on a mammogram.
Dense breast tissue appears white on a mammogram, similar to how potential tumors or abnormalities might appear. This can create a masking effect, making it more challenging for radiologists to identify small lesions or differentiate them from normal lactating tissue. While mammography can still detect breast cancer in lactating individuals, the increased density means that image interpretation may be more complex.
Preparing for Your Mammogram
Preparation can enhance comfort and potentially improve image clarity during a mammogram while breastfeeding. It is helpful to inform the mammography technologist about your breastfeeding status before the exam begins. This allows them to make any necessary adjustments.
Timing the appointment strategically can also be beneficial. Scheduling the mammogram immediately after a feeding or pumping session can help ensure the breasts are as empty as possible. This approach can reduce breast fullness and discomfort during compression, and it may also help to minimize breast density, potentially improving image quality. Some facilities may even offer space and time for pumping or nursing before the procedure.
Other Imaging Approaches
Other imaging techniques may be utilized for breast evaluation during lactation, often in conjunction with mammography. Breast ultrasound is a common complementary tool, especially when breast tissue is dense or a specific lump is identified. Ultrasound uses sound waves rather than radiation, making it a suitable option for lactating individuals. It can effectively visualize dense breast tissue and help distinguish between fluid-filled cysts and solid masses.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is another imaging modality that can be used during lactation, particularly for high-risk screening or further investigation of suspicious findings. While gadolinium-based contrast agents are often used in breast MRI, the amount that enters breast milk is minimal and not considered harmful to the baby. The American College of Radiology does not recommend discontinuing breastfeeding after gadolinium administration. MRI provides detailed images that can help differentiate between physiological changes of lactation and potential abnormalities.