Yes, a hernia can occur above your belly button. This specific type is known as an epigastric hernia. It develops in the upper, central area of the abdomen, distinct from other common hernia types.
Understanding Epigastric Hernias
An epigastric hernia occurs when fatty tissue or a part of an organ protrudes through a weakened area in the abdominal wall. This weakness is in the midline of the abdomen, between the breastbone (sternum) and the navel (umbilicus). The protrusion happens through a defect in the linea alba, a fibrous band of connective tissue that runs vertically down the center of the abdomen. These hernias can vary in size, and more than one may be present.
Recognizing the Signs and Causes
Individuals with an epigastric hernia may notice a visible bulge or lump in the upper abdominal area, which might become more prominent when standing, straining, or coughing. This bulge can sometimes disappear when lying down or with gentle pressure. Symptoms can also include pain or tenderness in the affected area, which may be a dull ache or sharp pain that worsens with activities like lifting or straining. However, many small epigastric hernias might not cause any noticeable symptoms and may only be discovered incidentally.
Epigastric hernias can develop from birth due to an inherent weakness. They can also be acquired over time, linked to factors that increase pressure within the abdominal cavity. These include heavy lifting, chronic coughing, and straining due to constipation. Obesity and pregnancy also contribute to increased abdominal pressure, making them risk factors. The linea alba can thin and weaken with age, further contributing to hernia formation.
Medical Diagnosis and Treatment
A healthcare professional diagnoses an epigastric hernia through a physical examination. During this, the doctor looks for a visible bulge and tenderness in the upper abdomen. The patient may be asked to cough or strain, as these actions can make the hernia more apparent. Imaging tests like ultrasound, CT, or MRI may be used to confirm the diagnosis, assess the hernia’s size and contents, or rule out other conditions.
Surgical repair is the main treatment for epigastric hernias, as they do not resolve on their own and can enlarge over time. The procedure involves pushing the protruding tissue back into the abdominal cavity and reinforcing the weakened abdominal wall. For larger defects, a surgical mesh may be used to provide additional support and strengthen the repair.
Surgical options include open repair (a single incision) and minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery (smaller incisions). The choice depends on the hernia’s size, patient health, and surgeon’s expertise. Prompt medical attention for a suspected hernia is important to prevent complications, such as the hernia becoming incarcerated (stuck) or strangulated, which can compromise blood supply.