Bone spurs, medically known as osteophytes, can indeed form on the side of your foot. These bony projections are a common biological response to chronic stress or damage in the foot’s many joints and tendon attachment sites. While they often occur in locations like the heel or big toe, the side of the foot is also susceptible to their development. Understanding the mechanism behind these growths is the first step toward managing the resulting discomfort and irritation.
Understanding Bone Spurs
A bone spur is an extra growth of bone tissue that appears as a smooth, rounded lump on the edge of a bone, typically near a joint. Despite the name “spur,” these growths are not inherently sharp, but are deposits of calcium the body creates to repair itself. The formation process, called osteophytosis, is a protective mechanism triggered by chronic friction, pressure, or instability.
The body initiates this repair when cartilage within a joint begins to wear down, often due to osteoarthritis or repetitive strain. To compensate for the loss of cushioning and stabilize the joint, the body produces new bone tissue. This growth can also occur where tendons and ligaments attach to the bone (the enthesis), in response to chronic tension or inflammation. Although many bone spurs are “silent,” they can lead to pain when they press against surrounding soft tissues, nerves, or other bones.
Specific Locations and Causes on the Foot
Bone spurs are common in the foot because it is a weight-bearing structure subjected to constant pressure and movement. On the side (lateral aspect) of the foot, several specific areas are prone to these bony growths. One common site is the base of the fifth metatarsal bone, the long bone connecting to the little toe. A spur here, known as an enthesophyte, can develop where the peroneus brevis tendon or lateral cord of the plantar fascia attaches due to chronic tension.
Bone spurs can also occur around the midfoot joints, particularly the tarsal joints. When a spur forms on the top of the midfoot, it is sometimes referred to as a tarsal boss. Structural issues, such as a high arch (pes cavus) or a flat foot (pes planus), can alter biomechanics, causing abnormal friction between these bones. Ill-fitting or tight footwear is a frequent external cause, creating chronic pressure points that stimulate the bone-forming response. Localized osteoarthritis in the midfoot joints can also degrade the cartilage, prompting osteophyte development as the body attempts to stabilize the joint.
Recognizing Symptoms and Getting a Diagnosis
A bone spur on the side of the foot only becomes symptomatic when it irritates adjacent structures or interferes with movement. The most common symptom is localized pain, which often worsens with activity or when wearing restrictive shoes that press on the prominence. You might notice a palpable, hard lump or bump on the side of your foot, possibly accompanied by redness or swelling in the surrounding soft tissue. If the spur presses on a nearby nerve, a person might experience radiating pain, tingling, or numbness.
If you suspect a bone spur, a healthcare professional, such as a podiatrist or orthopedic specialist, will perform a physical examination. This involves palpating the area for tenderness and assessing the foot’s range of motion and structure. To confirm the presence and exact location, the standard diagnostic tool is a plain X-ray. Bone spurs are clearly visible on X-ray imaging, allowing the doctor to differentiate the bony growth from other soft tissue issues.
Management and Treatment Pathways
Treatment for a bone spur is only necessary if it is causing pain and limiting function, as many asymptomatic spurs require no intervention. The first approach is typically conservative, focusing on reducing inflammation and pressure on the affected area. This often involves switching to footwear with a wider toe box and better support to relieve external pressure. Custom-made orthotic devices are frequently recommended to address underlying biomechanical issues, such as flat feet or high arches.
Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, can help manage pain and reduce swelling. A doctor may administer a corticosteroid injection directly into the inflamed area for stronger, short-term relief. Physical therapy can also be beneficial, helping strengthen surrounding muscles and improve flexibility, reducing stress on the joint. If conservative measures fail, surgical removal of the osteophyte may be considered.