Bamboo, a member of the grass family, is a diverse plant group with species capable of surviving in temperate climates. For Pennsylvania gardeners, the answer to whether this unique plant can be grown is yes, provided the correct varieties are selected and proper management techniques are implemented. The two primary concerns are the plant’s ability to withstand cold Pennsylvania winters and the necessity of controlling its aggressive spread. Addressing these factors transforms bamboo into a striking, fast-growing addition to the landscape.
Determining Feasibility Based on Pennsylvania Climate
Successful bamboo cultivation in Pennsylvania is linked to the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map, which dictates the average annual minimum winter temperature. Pennsylvania spans zones 5a (northern regions) through 7a and 7b (southeastern corner), with most areas falling into zones 6a or 6b. Zone 6 experiences low temperatures that can drop between -10°F and 0°F.
Any bamboo variety chosen must be rated to survive the lowest expected temperature where it will be planted. Selecting a species rated for Zone 5 or colder offers the best chance of survival and minimizes the risk of dieback during cold snaps. Cold-hardy bamboo species withstand freezing temperatures, drying winds, and snow loads common to the Northeast.
Choosing Cold-Hardy Varieties
Bamboo is divided into two primary growth patterns: running and clumping, and both contain varieties suitable for Pennsylvania’s climate. Running bamboo, predominantly from the Phyllostachys genus, is the most cold-tolerant, with many species surviving temperatures down to -10°F or even -20°F. These runners spread aggressively via underground rhizomes and are chosen for their rapid growth and ability to reach significant heights.
Several specific running varieties are well-suited for the region. Phyllostachys aureosulcata (Yellow Groove Bamboo) is hardy to approximately -10°F and is recognizable by the yellow stripe on its culms. Phyllostachys nuda is hardy down to -20°F, making it a reliable choice for colder parts of the state.
Clumping bamboo from the Fargesia genus is non-invasive and expands slowly outward from the base. Fargesia nitida and Fargesia rufa are excellent clumping choices, tolerating temperatures as low as -15°F to -20°F, though they prefer partial shade and may not achieve the same height as the running types.
Essential Strategies for Controlling Spread
Managing the aggressive nature of running bamboo requires commitment. The primary containment method involves installing a physical rhizome barrier around the planting area to prevent the underground stems from spreading. This barrier should be made of thick, non-porous high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, 60 to 80 mil being the recommended standard.
The barrier must be installed in a trench dug to a depth of 24 to 30 inches, as rhizomes can travel deep beneath the soil surface. The barrier must protrude approximately two inches above the soil line; this stops rhizomes from growing over the top and allows for easy inspection. The barrier should be installed vertically or angled slightly outward to direct attempting rhizomes upward toward the surface, where they can be cut.
For a fully enclosed barrier, the ends of the material must be overlapped by at least 12 inches and secured with a specialized stainless steel closure strip to prevent gaps. Regular maintenance is still required, involving checking the perimeter once or twice a year. Any rhizomes that attempt to escape over the top must be severed immediately with a sharp spade.
Successful Planting and Maintenance
Proper site selection and soil preparation are important for establishing healthy bamboo. Bamboo thrives in well-draining, nutrient-rich soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH, generally between 5.5 and 7.0. Since bamboo does not tolerate waterlogged conditions, heavy clay soils may need amendment with organic material or require planting in a raised area to ensure adequate drainage.
Most species prefer full sun to partial shade, though clumping varieties benefit from afternoon shade during hot summers. New bamboo plants require consistent moisture; liberal watering is necessary during the first month after planting to encourage root establishment. Once established, deep watering during extended dry periods keeps the plant healthy and prevents the leaves from curling, a sign of dehydration.
Applying a thick layer of organic mulch, such as straw or wood chips, helps retain soil moisture and stabilizes the root zone temperature, offering winter protection. Bamboo is a heavy feeder, and applying a balanced, slow-release fertilizer high in nitrogen in the spring supports vigorous new growth. Yearly maintenance includes pruning older, damaged, or discolored culms near the ground to maintain the plant’s appearance and encourage new, vibrant canes.