Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that filter the lymphatic system, a major part of the body’s immune defenses. They trap viruses, bacteria, and foreign particles, preventing them from spreading. When the body fights an infection, lymph nodes produce more white blood cells, causing them to swell (lymphadenopathy). Swollen lymph nodes are a common sign that the immune system is actively engaged, usually in response to a minor illness. Understanding the associated symptoms helps determine if urgent care is necessary.
When Urgent Care is the Right Choice
Urgent care centers are suited for evaluating swollen lymph nodes when symptoms are localized and moderate, such as tender, enlarged glands in the neck, armpit, or groin that appeared recently (within a few days). Swelling accompanied by mild infection symptoms, like a sore throat, runny nose, or cough, suggests a localized source. Neck and jaw nodes are commonly seen, often indicating an upper respiratory infection, strep throat, or a dental issue. Pain or tenderness suggests the swelling is due to an acute infection. Urgent care provides timely assessment and treatment for these conditions, and can also evaluate nodes swollen for a couple of weeks without improvement, provided no severe symptoms are present.
Warning Signs Requiring Emergency Attention
While most cases of swollen lymph nodes are benign, certain symptoms require immediate emergency room care. Difficulty breathing or swallowing, especially with neck swelling, suggests a potential airway obstruction and needs immediate attention. A node that feels hard, fixed in place, or does not move when pressed may indicate a more serious condition, particularly if it is painless. Rapidly growing nodes or those significantly enlarged (over one inch in diameter) also warrant immediate evaluation. Systemic symptoms, such as unexplained high fever (over 103°F), night sweats, unexplained weight loss, severe abdominal pain, or a sudden, severe headache combined with swollen nodes, indicate a severe systemic issue requiring emergency resources.
Navigating Diagnosis and Treatment at Urgent Care
The process begins with a comprehensive medical history and a physical examination. The provider will palpate the swollen nodes to assess their size, texture, and mobility, and check other major lymph node areas to determine if the swelling is localized or generalized. The history review focuses on recent illnesses, exposure to pets, travel, and new medications, which offer clues to the cause.
Diagnostic Testing
Depending on the suspected cause, the provider may order diagnostic tests. These may include a rapid strep test or a full blood count to check for bacterial infections or systemic issues like mononucleosis.
Treatment and Follow-Up
If a bacterial infection is confirmed, treatment involves prescribing antibiotics. For frequent viral causes, treatment focuses on symptom relief with anti-inflammatory medications. If the diagnosis is unclear or the nodes fail to resolve after treatment, the patient will be advised to follow up with their primary care physician for further evaluation or referral to a specialist.