An Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) is a small medical device placed under the skin, often near the collarbone, that monitors heart rhythm and delivers electrical therapy when necessary. These devices contain metal components and sensitive electronics, causing concern when approaching security checkpoints like those found at airports or public venues. While modern ICDs are designed with shielding to minimize interference, caution is advised during screening. Different types of detectors present varying levels of risk, requiring travelers with an ICD to follow specific protocols.
Using Walk-Through Metal Detectors
Walk-through metal detectors (WTMDs), often called archways, operate by generating a low-frequency electromagnetic field. When the metal casing of an ICD passes through this field, it causes a temporary disturbance that triggers an alarm. Device manufacturers agree that passing through these archways quickly and at a normal walking pace is safe.
The electromagnetic exposure is minimal and transient, meaning potential interference is unlikely to cause a clinically significant issue. However, avoid lingering within the archway or leaning against the frame, as this prolongs exposure time. Prolonged exposure could potentially activate the device’s magnetic switch, which is designed to temporarily suspend functions, such as delivering a shock. Studies testing ICDs specifically found no electromagnetic interference effects, suggesting a low risk.
Safety Concerns with Handheld Wands
Handheld metal detectors (HHMDs), or security wands, pose a greater and more localized risk to an implanted device than walk-through archways. This is because the wand can be held in close proximity to the ICD for a longer duration, concentrating the electromagnetic field over the device site.
Security personnel must be informed that an implanted device is present before the wand is used. The individual should instruct the officer not to hold or wave the wand directly over the chest area where the ICD is implanted. If the wand must be used, the scan over the device site should be performed quickly and briefly. Holding the wand too close for an extended period could temporarily interfere with the ICD’s programming or function.
Navigating Other Types of Security Scanners
Modern airport security checkpoints often use advanced imaging technology (AIT) scanners, such as Millimeter Wave (MMW) or Backscatter X-ray units. These full-body scanners operate on different principles than metal detectors, using radio waves or very low-dose X-rays to create an image of the body.
Studies have concluded that MMW and Backscatter X-ray scanners are safe for individuals with ICDs. The millimeter waves used do not penetrate the body deeply and are often filtered out by the device’s internal components. While these scanners do not pose a risk of electromagnetic interference, the device’s metal casing may still appear on the resulting scan.
Essential Travel and Screening Protocols
The most reliable way to navigate security screening with an ICD is to be prepared and communicate clearly with security personnel. The individual should always carry their Medical Device Identification Card, which is provided by the device manufacturer, and identifies the person as having an implanted device.
Before approaching any security screening equipment, notify the security officer about the implanted defibrillator. The safest and most recommended alternative to using any metal detector or wand is to request a pat-down search and a visual inspection. This alternative procedure ensures the device is not subjected to electromagnetic fields. Security staff may also examine the device identification card before proceeding with the physical screening.