When a tooth breaks, attempting to reattach the fragment yourself with household adhesives is not advisable. Dental injuries require proper professional attention, as at-home repair can lead to further damage and complications. This article explains why common glues are unsuitable for dental use and outlines the correct steps to take after a tooth breaks.
Why Household Adhesives Are Not Safe
Using household adhesives like super glue or epoxy to reattach a broken tooth fragment poses significant health risks. These products are not designed for internal human use and contain toxic chemicals that can irritate or damage oral tissues. For example, cyanoacrylate, found in super glue, can cause chemical burns to the gums, tongue, and cheeks.
These glues are not biocompatible, meaning the body does not readily accept them, potentially leading to allergic reactions or chronic inflammation. Their bond is temporary and weak in the mouth’s moist environment, making it prone to failure. Additionally, these adhesives can trap bacteria, creating an environment for infection in the tooth’s pulp or surrounding gum tissue.
What to Do Immediately After a Tooth Breaks
If a tooth breaks, acting quickly improves the chances of successful professional repair. Locate the broken tooth fragment and handle it carefully, touching only the enamel, not the root. Gently rinse the fragment with water to remove any debris, avoiding scrubbing.
Store the tooth fragment in milk or, if unavailable, in your own saliva. This keeps the tooth cells hydrated and viable until you reach a dentist. Control any bleeding by applying gentle pressure with clean gauze. You can also take over-the-counter pain relievers for discomfort. Contact your dentist immediately, as prompt care is crucial for the best outcome.
Professional Dental Repair Options
Dentists offer several methods for repairing a broken tooth, depending on the dental damage’s extent. If the tooth fragment is large, intact, and properly preserved, a dentist may reattach it using a strong dental adhesive. This procedure bonds the original piece back onto the tooth structure with a specialized composite resin. Successful reattachment relies on the fragment being a good fit and the underlying tooth structure being healthy.
When reattachment is not feasible, dentists often use composite bonding for chips or small breaks. This involves applying a tooth-colored resin material directly to the tooth, sculpting it to match the natural shape, and hardening it with a special light. This method restores the tooth’s appearance and function.
For more extensive damage or significant cosmetic concerns, options like veneers or crowns may be considered. A veneer is a thin, custom-made shell, typically porcelain or composite resin, that covers the front surface of the tooth. Crowns are caps that completely cover the visible portion of a damaged tooth, providing comprehensive protection and restoration. The treatment choice depends on the break’s severity, the tooth’s location, and the patient’s needs.
Tips for Preventing Tooth Damage
Your proactive steps can significantly reduce the risk of future tooth damage. Avoid chewing on hard items like ice cubes, unpopped popcorn kernels, or hard candies, as these exert excessive force on teeth. Never use your teeth as tools to open packages, bottles, or tear materials, which can lead to fractures.
For individuals in sports or activities with facial impact risk, wearing a custom-fitted mouthguard is recommended to protect teeth from accidental trauma. If you grind or clench your teeth, especially at night, a night guard can shield them from bruxism’s damaging forces. Maintaining consistent oral hygiene, including regular brushing, flossing, and routine dental check-ups, contributes to stronger, more resilient teeth.