A yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is a common condition caused by an overgrowth of Candida fungi. This fungal imbalance can lead to uncomfortable symptoms.
Understanding Yeast Infection Transmission
While yeast infections are not typically classified as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), they can be transmitted through sexual contact. The fungus Candida albicans is naturally present on the body, and an overgrowth can lead to an infection. Transmission can occur during vaginal, oral, or anal sex.
Transmission can occur from a symptomatic partner to an asymptomatic one, or vice versa. About 15% of men may develop symptoms of a penile yeast infection after sexual intercourse with an infected female partner. Conversely, a man with a penile yeast infection can also transmit the infection to a female partner through sexual contact.
How Partners Can Be Affected
When a male partner contracts a yeast infection, symptoms can include balanitis, inflammation of the head of the penis. This may appear as redness, itching, or a burning sensation on the penis. Other signs include moist skin, sometimes with a thick, white substance collecting in skin folds, or areas of shiny, white skin.
Female partners who contract a yeast infection may experience itching and irritation in and around the vagina, a burning sensation during urination or sexual intercourse, and redness and swelling of the vulva. A thick, white vaginal discharge resembling cottage cheese, with little or no odor, is a common symptom. Partners might repeatedly re-infect each other, a phenomenon known as “ping-pong” infections, if both are not treated.
Preventing Transmission and Seeking Care
Preventing transmission involves several strategies. Practicing good hygiene, such as washing the genital area thoroughly after sexual activity, reduces the risk. Avoid perfumed soaps or douching, as these can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina.
Using barrier methods like condoms or dental dams during sexual activity also minimizes the spread of Candida between partners. These methods may not entirely eliminate transmission. Avoid sexual activity during an active infection until symptoms have resolved to prevent further spread.
If one partner is diagnosed with a yeast infection, especially if infections are recurrent, both partners should consider seeking medical advice and treatment. This collaborative approach helps break any cycle of re-infection. Consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment, as yeast infection symptoms can mimic those of other conditions, including STIs.