White spots in the throat can be concerning, especially if allergies are suspected. This article clarifies the relationship between allergies and throat symptoms, while exploring common reasons for white spots in the throat.
Allergies and Your Throat
Allergies often affect the throat through the body’s response to allergens. When exposed, the immune system triggers inflammation and irritation in throat tissues. This frequently leads to symptoms like a scratchy or sore throat and post-nasal drip. While allergies can cause throat irritation and swelling, they do not directly cause white spots. White spots are typically a sign of infection or other specific conditions, not a direct allergic reaction or the inflammation allergies cause.
Other Reasons for White Spots
White spots on the throat are often a symptom of an underlying infection, whether bacterial, viral, or fungal. Strep throat, a bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, can present as white patches or streaks of pus on the tonsils. Symptoms often include a sudden sore throat, fever, headache, and swollen neck lymph nodes.
Oral thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis) is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans. It typically appears as creamy white, slightly raised patches resembling cottage cheese, found on the tongue, inner cheeks, tonsils, or back of the throat. This condition is more common in infants, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Tonsillitis, an inflammation of the tonsils, can be caused by viral or bacterial infections. Infected tonsils may become red, swollen, and covered with a white, yellow, or gray coating or distinct white spots. Individuals often experience a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever.
Mononucleosis, commonly called “mono,” is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus that can lead to white patches on the tonsils. Mono causes white spots or pus on the tonsils, severe sore throat, significant fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. Symptoms can resemble strep throat, making accurate diagnosis important.
Canker sores (aphthous ulcers) are small, painful lesions that can develop on soft tissues of the mouth, including the throat or tonsils. They typically appear as a small gray or white spot with a red border and can cause localized pain, sometimes mistaken for tonsillitis. These sores are not contagious and often heal on their own.
Tonsil stones (tonsilloliths) are calcified deposits that form in tonsil crevices. They are composed of trapped food particles, bacteria, and other debris, appearing as small white or yellow pebbles or lumps. While often harmless, tonsil stones can cause bad breath, a persistent sore throat, or a sensation of something stuck in the throat.
When to See a Doctor
White spots on the throat often indicate an underlying medical condition requiring professional diagnosis and treatment. Prompt medical evaluation is advisable if white spots are accompanied by high fever, severe throat pain, or difficulty breathing or swallowing. Swollen neck lymph nodes or general malaise alongside white spots also warrant medical consultation.
Leaving conditions like strep throat untreated can lead to serious complications. These include kidney inflammation (post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis) or rheumatic fever, which may cause heart valve damage. A healthcare provider will examine the throat and may perform tests, such as a rapid strep test or throat swab, to determine the cause of white spots. An accurate diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment, leading to recovery and preventing further health concerns.