The public often expresses concern about simultaneously contracting multiple illnesses, especially common respiratory infections. This article explores the possibility of having both strep throat and COVID-19 at the same time. Understanding these infections and their interactions can help clarify the risks and appropriate responses.
Is Co-infection Possible
It is possible to have strep throat and COVID-19 concurrently. These two illnesses are caused by different types of pathogens: strep throat is a bacterial infection (Streptococcus pyogenes), and COVID-19 is a viral infection (SARS-CoV-2). The presence of one does not prevent the acquisition of the other. Co-infections involving different types of respiratory pathogens are not uncommon. For example, a person might have a viral cold and then develop a bacterial ear infection.
Recognizing Overlapping Symptoms
Strep throat and COVID-19 share several common symptoms, making self-diagnosis challenging. Both can present with a sore throat, fever, headache, and body aches. The sore throat from strep often has a sudden onset and can be severe, sometimes accompanied by painful swallowing. Individuals with strep throat might also observe red and swollen tonsils, occasionally with white patches or streaks of pus, and tiny red spots on the roof of the mouth.
COVID-19 symptoms are varied and can range from mild to severe. While a sore throat can occur with COVID-19, other frequent symptoms include cough, fatigue, and sometimes shortness of breath. A distinguishing feature of COVID-19 can be a loss of taste or smell, which is not typically associated with strep throat. Due to these significant overlaps, relying solely on symptoms to differentiate between the two is not reliable.
Getting a Diagnosis and Treatment
Given the substantial overlap in symptoms, professional medical evaluation is important for an accurate diagnosis. For strep throat, healthcare providers typically use a rapid strep test or a throat culture for confirmation. These tests detect Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria.
For COVID-19, diagnosis often involves a PCR test or a rapid antigen test. Treatment approaches differ significantly because of the different types of pathogens. Strep throat is treated with antibiotics, such as penicillin or amoxicillin, to eliminate the bacterial infection. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics to prevent potential complications. COVID-19 treatment primarily involves supportive care, including rest, fluids, and fever reducers. In some eligible patients, specific antiviral medications may be prescribed.
Understanding the Risks
Having both strep throat and COVID-19 simultaneously can lead to a more complex clinical picture. Co-infection may result in increased symptom severity compared to having either infection alone. The body’s immune system is simultaneously fighting two distinct pathogens, potentially leading to a more pronounced inflammatory response.
Such co-infections can also prolong recovery time and elevate the risk of complications. Untreated strep throat carries risks such as rheumatic fever, which can affect the heart, or kidney inflammation. COVID-19 can lead to complications like pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or long-term symptoms known as “Long COVID”. Vulnerable populations, including older adults or those with underlying health conditions, might face higher risks for severe outcomes when co-infected.