Ringworm, despite its name, is a common fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails, also known as dermatophytosis. It is caused by various fungi called dermatophytes and can affect many species, including humans, pets, and livestock. Backyard chicken keepers often wonder about transmitting infections, including ringworm, between their flock and themselves.
Understanding Ringworm Transmission
Chickens can transmit ringworm to humans; it is a zoonotic infection, meaning it spreads from animals to people. The primary fungus in chickens is Microsporum gallinae (also known as Lophophyton gallinae). Transmission occurs through direct contact with an infected chicken or indirectly via contaminated objects or surfaces, known as fomites. These include feathers, bedding, coop surfaces, equipment, or even droppings. Fungal spores can survive in the environment for extended periods, especially in damp conditions, increasing indirect transmission risk.
Recognizing Ringworm Signs
Identifying ringworm early in both chickens and humans is important. In chickens, ringworm often appears as white, scaly, or crusty patches, typically on the comb, wattles, and other unfeathered areas of the head and neck. Feather loss can also occur, particularly at the base of the comb. As the infection progresses, affected skin may thicken, become flaky, and take on a yellowish or white appearance, sometimes called “white comb.” Chickens generally remain otherwise healthy despite these skin changes.
In humans, ringworm typically manifests as an itchy, red, scaly rash. Its distinguishing feature is a characteristic ring-shaped appearance, often with raised borders and a clearer center. This rash can develop anywhere, commonly on the face, arms, and legs. Symptoms usually emerge within 4 to 14 days after exposure.
Preventing Ringworm Transmission
Preventing ringworm transmission from chickens to humans involves consistent hygiene and maintaining flock health. Thorough handwashing with soap and water is essential after any contact with chickens, their coop, or eggs. Wearing dedicated gloves and footwear when working in the coop minimizes direct skin exposure to fungal spores. Avoiding touching your face while handling chickens or cleaning their environment further reduces accidental transfer risk.
Regularly cleaning and disinfecting the chicken coop, feeders, waterers, and other equipment eliminates fungal spores. Isolating new birds before introducing them to the main flock, or immediately isolating sick birds, prevents infection spread within the flock and to humans.