Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness that primarily affects young children, but can also occur in adults. It is a contagious condition characterized by a rash and sores. While generally mild, its contagious nature often raises questions about its spread and recurrence.
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Basics
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease is caused by viruses from the enterovirus family. In the United States, Coxsackievirus A16 is the most common cause, though other enteroviruses like Coxsackievirus A6 and Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) can also lead to the illness. These viruses are highly contagious and spread easily.
Why Reinfection Can Occur
Reinfection with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease is possible because multiple enterovirus strains can cause the illness. After an HFMD infection, the body develops strain-specific immunity, protecting against only that particular virus type. Therefore, exposure to a different HFMD-causing strain can lead to another infection.
Symptoms and Care During Reinfection
If someone experiences a reinfection with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease, symptoms are generally similar to a first infection, including fever, sore throat, and painful mouth sores. A rash commonly appears on the hands, feet, buttocks, or other body areas. While subsequent infections are often milder due to existing immunity, they can sometimes be more severe depending on the specific viral strain involved.
Managing symptoms typically involves supportive care, such as ensuring adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration, especially since mouth sores can make swallowing painful. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help alleviate fever and discomfort. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional if symptoms are severe, do not improve after 7 to 10 days, or if there are signs of dehydration.
Steps to Limit Spread
Preventing the spread of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease relies on consistent hygiene practices. Thorough and frequent handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is important, especially after changing diapers, using the toilet, or before preparing food. Cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces and shared items, such as toys and doorknobs, helps reduce viral transmission. Avoiding close contact, like hugging or kissing, with infected individuals limits spread. Refraining from sharing eating utensils and drinks also prevents the virus from spreading.