Rabies is a serious viral disease affecting the central nervous system of mammals, including humans, and is transmissible from animals to people (zoonotic). Public health efforts often focus on preventing its spread, particularly from wildlife, due to severe, often fatal outcomes.
Possums and Rabies Risk
While any mammal can contract rabies, opossums rarely carry the virus. The rabies virus generally thrives in warmer body temperatures. Opossums have a naturally lower average body temperature, typically ranging from 94-97°F, which is less conducive for the virus to survive and replicate effectively. This lower temperature makes it difficult for the virus to establish a lasting infection.
Beyond physiological resistance, opossums exhibit defensive behaviors that reduce interaction with other animals, lowering exposure risk. When threatened, opossums often “play possum,” feigning death rather than engaging in aggressive confrontations. This minimizes their likelihood of being bitten by a rabid animal or biting another while infected. While rare, opossums can be infected, but rabies cases in them are significantly less common compared to other wild animals like raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes.
Recognizing Rabies and Taking Action
Recognizing rabies signs in wild animals is important for public safety. Rabid animals may exhibit unusual behaviors like uncharacteristic aggression, disorientation, or loss of fear of humans. Nocturnal animals, such as skunks or raccoons, appearing during daylight and acting strangely can also indicate rabies. Other indicators include excessive drooling, difficulty swallowing, staggering, or partial paralysis.
If you encounter a suspected rabid animal, or if a person or pet is bitten or scratched by a wild animal, immediate action is necessary. Thoroughly wash the wound with soap and water for at least 15 minutes to remove the virus. Then, seek immediate medical attention for human exposure or veterinary care for pets. Contact your local animal control or health department to report the incident; they can assess the situation and advise on further steps, including potential animal testing if safely contained.
Preventing Rabies Exposure
Preventing rabies exposure involves minimizing contact with wildlife. Ensure all household pets, especially dogs, cats, and ferrets, are vaccinated against rabies. Regular booster shots maintain their immunity.
Avoid direct contact with wild or unfamiliar animals, even if they appear docile. Secure trash cans and avoid leaving pet food outdoors to prevent attracting wildlife. Report any wild animal exhibiting unusual behavior to local animal control authorities for safe management.