When people ask about “permanent dentures,” they are generally looking for replacement teeth that remain fixed in the mouth and do not require daily removal. While modern dentistry does not offer a restoration that lasts indefinitely, it provides highly durable, non-removable solutions. These fixed options, made possible by dental implant technology, offer superior function and comfort compared to traditional removable appliances. Implants anchor a full set of replacement teeth securely in the jawbone, providing the closest answer to truly permanent teeth replacements.
Understanding Traditional Removable Dentures
Traditional removable dentures, whether full or partial, are not permanent because they require daily removal for cleaning and are subject to regular replacement. These appliances rest directly on the gum tissue and do not transmit chewing forces to the underlying jawbone. This lack of stimulation leads to bone resorption, a gradual process where the jawbone beneath the denture shrinks.
The continual change in jawbone structure causes the denture’s fit to loosen over time, requiring periodic adjustments called relines. Conventional dentures typically need replacement every 5 to 10 years because bone loss progresses to a point where the appliance can no longer be adequately adjusted.
Fixed Dental Solutions
The closest option to a permanent denture is a fixed prosthesis supported by dental implants. This approach involves surgically placing titanium posts, which act as artificial tooth roots, directly into the jawbone. These implants fuse with the bone through osseointegration, creating a stable foundation for the replacement teeth.
This stability is the fundamental difference from traditional appliances; fixed teeth do not shift or require adhesives. Transmitting chewing forces through the implants to the jawbone helps preserve the bone structure and prevents the progressive resorption seen with conventional dentures.
Full-Arch Implant Systems
For full-arch replacement, common fixed solutions include systems like All-on-4 or All-on-6. These systems use a minimal number of strategically placed implants to support an entire arch of prosthetic teeth. The All-on-4 technique utilizes four implants, often with the back two angled to maximize existing bone and potentially avoid bone grafting.
The All-on-6 system uses six implants, distributing chewing forces more widely and providing greater support. This is advantageous for long-term durability, especially in the upper jaw. These fixed bridges are secured to the implants and are not designed to be removed by the patient.
The Process of Receiving Fixed Teeth
Obtaining fixed implant-supported teeth involves a defined sequence of steps. The process begins with an initial consultation and comprehensive planning phase. This stage includes a detailed examination, medical history review, and advanced imaging (such as a CT scan) to evaluate jawbone density and volume. This planning determines the optimal placement and number of implants needed.
The next step is the surgical phase, where titanium implants are precisely placed into the jawbone, often under local anesthesia. Following placement, a critical healing period begins for osseointegration, where jawbone tissue grows directly onto the implant surface, securely locking it into place.
This bonding process typically requires three to six months, varying based on the patient’s bone density and health. Patients are often fitted with a temporary prosthesis during this time. Once the implants are stable, the final custom-designed, fixed prosthesis is fabricated and attached via abutments.
Maintenance and Longevity of Fixed Solutions
While implants are made of biocompatible titanium and can last for decades with proper care, the prosthetic bridge attached to them is subject to normal wear and tear. The prosthetic component typically has an expected lifespan of 10 to 15 years before replacement may be needed due to wear, chipping, or changes in surrounding soft tissue.
Required Maintenance
Daily care is similar to that of natural teeth and involves specialized cleaning to ensure long-term success.
- Brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush.
- Using specialized tools, such as water flossers or interdental brushes, to clean under the fixed bridge and around the gum line.
- Attending regular professional check-ups, usually every six months, to monitor the health of the implants and surrounding gum tissue.
- Allowing the dentist or hygienist to clean hard-to-reach areas and check for signs of inflammation or bone loss, which could compromise stability.
Consistent post-installation care is the factor that most significantly influences the longevity of the entire fixed restoration system.