While chiropractic care is generally considered safe, instances of severe neurological complications, including paralysis, have been documented in medical literature. These occurrences are exceedingly rare, yet they highlight the importance of understanding potential risks. Spinal cord injury and stroke, for example, have been reported as rare, severe outcomes following chiropractic treatments. The vast majority of individuals experience only mild, temporary side effects, such as soreness or stiffness, after an adjustment.
Mechanisms of Injury
Severe injuries, including paralysis, can theoretically occur during chiropractic adjustments through several mechanisms. One primary concern involves the delicate anatomical structures in the neck, specifically the vertebral arteries. High-velocity thrusts, particularly in the cervical spine, can place significant strain on these vessels. This strain can lead to a vertebral artery dissection, which is a tear in the artery wall. Once a dissection occurs, it can result in thrombus formation, potentially leading to an ischemic stroke, which in turn can cause paralysis or other neurological deficits.
Direct spinal cord trauma, though less common, can also occur if an adjustment exerts undue force on the spinal column, particularly in individuals with pre-existing conditions like disc herniations or spinal narrowing.
The force applied during an adjustment, especially high-velocity techniques, can impact these vulnerable structures. Pre-existing conditions, such as connective tissue disorders that affect blood vessels, can increase a patient’s susceptibility to such injuries. Even without a diagnosed pre-existing condition, the sudden movement or rotation of the neck during certain adjustments can theoretically contribute to these rare but serious complications.
Recognizing Warning Signs
Recognizing immediate warning signs during or after a chiropractic adjustment is important for prompt action. Symptoms indicating a serious neurological complication, such as a stroke, may include sudden, severe headache, often described as a “thunderclap” headache. Other signs can include dizziness, slurred speech, difficulty speaking, or numbness or drooping on one side of the face. Weakness, numbness, or tingling in an arm or leg, particularly on one side of the body, are also concerning symptoms. Vision changes, trouble walking, or problems with balance and coordination can also signal a serious issue.
If any of these symptoms appear during or shortly after an adjustment, immediate medical attention is essential. Acting quickly can help reduce the potential damage a stroke might cause to the brain. Contact emergency services immediately.
Minimizing the Potential for Harm
Individuals can take proactive steps to minimize potential harm when seeking chiropractic care. A thorough patient history and physical examination by the chiropractor are foundational to safe treatment. Disclosing all medical conditions, including any history of blood clotting disorders, strokes, or specific causes of neck pain, is crucial. This comprehensive information allows the chiropractor to assess overall health and develop a personalized treatment plan, avoiding any unnecessary risks.
Asking questions about the proposed treatment plan and understanding the techniques the chiropractor intends to use can also help ensure comfort and safety. Choosing a licensed and reputable chiropractor is also a significant step. Researching their credentials, experience, and reading patient reviews can provide valuable insight into their practice.