Hydroxyzine is a prescription medication often searched for its potential to induce a “high.” However, it does not produce euphoric or mind-altering effects associated with recreational drug use. Its primary action is sedative, leading to drowsiness and relaxation by calming the central nervous system, not stimulating the brain’s reward pathways.
What Hydroxyzine Is and How It Works
Hydroxyzine is a first-generation antihistamine prescribed for managing anxiety, treating allergic reactions like itching and hives, and as a sedative before and after surgical procedures. It works by blocking histamine H1 receptors in the brain, contributing to its antihistaminic and sedative effects. Hydroxyzine also affects other receptors, including serotonin 5-HT2A, dopamine D2, and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, which contributes to its anxiety-reducing properties. Its sedative effects stem from its activity as a central nervous system depressant. The medication typically acts within 15 to 60 minutes, with effects lasting 4 to 6 hours.
Why It Doesn’t Produce a Recreational High
Hydroxyzine’s mechanism of action differs significantly from substances that produce a euphoric “high.” The medication primarily calms the nervous system as a central nervous system depressant, rather than stimulating the brain’s reward pathways. Its sedative properties result from inverse agonism at histamine H1 receptors and influence on other neurotransmitter systems, dampening central nervous system activity. Unlike recreational drugs that cause a dopamine rush, hydroxyzine calms anxiety and reduces alertness. Although some sources mention a “low to moderate feeling of euphoria,” this is not its primary or intended effect and differs from the intense euphoria of typical recreational drugs.
Dangers of Misuse and Overdose
Taking hydroxyzine in doses higher than prescribed or without medical supervision carries significant risks. Misuse can lead to severe drowsiness, confusion, and impaired coordination. Other potential adverse effects include blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, and a rapid heart rate.
Of particular concern is the risk of QT prolongation, a serious heart rhythm problem, which can be exacerbated by higher doses or in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions. Combining hydroxyzine with other central nervous system depressants, such as alcohol, opioids, or benzodiazepines, significantly increases the danger of severe sedation, respiratory depression, and unconsciousness. Overdose symptoms can also include seizures, low blood pressure, and even coma, with fatalities possible, especially in cases involving serious heart or breathing issues.
Seeking Help and Safe Use
If someone has taken too much hydroxyzine or is experiencing severe adverse effects, seek immediate medical attention. Call emergency services or a poison control center for guidance. Providing information about the amount taken and when can assist medical professionals in administering appropriate treatment, which may include activated charcoal, intravenous fluids, and breathing support.
Hydroxyzine should only be used as prescribed by a healthcare professional, and sharing medication is not advised. Discuss all other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, with a doctor to avoid dangerous interactions. If someone is struggling with drug misuse or dependence, professional help is available through healthcare providers, substance abuse treatment services, and support groups.