It is not possible to get hemorrhoids on your vulva. While discomfort and swelling in the pelvic region might feel similar, hemorrhoids are anatomically distinct from the vulva. What you might experience in the vulvar area is likely a different type of swollen vein.
What Hemorrhoids Are
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins that develop specifically in the rectum and anus. They are broadly categorized into two types: internal hemorrhoids, which form inside the rectum, and external hemorrhoids, which appear under the skin around the anal opening.
Common causes of hemorrhoids include straining during bowel movements, prolonged sitting on the toilet, chronic constipation or diarrhea, and conditions that increase pressure in the abdominal area, such as pregnancy or obesity. Symptoms often involve itching, pain, bleeding, and a feeling of discomfort or a lump in the anal region. While often uncomfortable, hemorrhoids are generally not a serious health concern.
What Vulvar Varicosities Are
Vulvar varicosities are swollen, enlarged veins that occur on the vulva, the external female genital area. These varicose veins can appear on the labia majora, labia minora, or extend to the perineum and inner thigh. They are a specific type of varicose vein that develops in this region, distinct from hemorrhoids.
This condition is most commonly associated with pregnancy. During pregnancy, the body experiences significant changes that contribute to their formation. Increased blood volume supports the growing fetus. Hormonal changes, particularly increased progesterone, can relax blood vessel walls, making them more prone to dilation. The growing uterus also exerts increased pressure on pelvic veins, impeding blood flow and causing blood to pool in the vulvar region.
Symptoms of vulvar varicosities can range from no noticeable signs to a feeling of fullness, pressure, discomfort, or pain in the vulvar area. Visible bulging veins that may appear twisted and bluish or purple are also common. Discomfort can worsen with prolonged standing or physical activity, and occasionally during sexual intercourse. While they can be uncomfortable, vulvar varicosities that develop during pregnancy typically resolve on their own within weeks to months after childbirth.
How to Tell the Difference
Distinguishing between hemorrhoids and vulvar varicosities primarily relies on their anatomical location. Hemorrhoids are confined to the anal and rectal area, whereas vulvar varicosities are located on the external genitalia. Both conditions involve swollen veins and can cause sensations of pressure or discomfort, which might lead to confusion. However, the specific site of pain or visible swelling will indicate which condition is present.
For instance, discomfort from hemorrhoids is centered around the anus, often noticeable during or after bowel movements. In contrast, vulvar varicosities cause discomfort directly on the vulva, potentially extending to the perineum or inner thighs, and may worsen with standing or physical activity. Due to the similar sensations of swelling in the general pelvic region, it is beneficial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis, especially if symptoms are persistent or cause significant distress.
Treating and Managing Symptoms
Management and treatment strategies for vulvar varicosities primarily focus on alleviating symptoms, particularly since pregnancy-related cases often resolve spontaneously after delivery. Conservative measures are typically recommended. Elevating the hips or lying on the left side can help improve blood flow and reduce pressure on the affected veins. Wearing specialized compression garments, such as vulvar support shorts or belts, can provide external support to the veins and help manage swelling.
Applying cold compresses to the vulvar area may offer temporary relief from discomfort and reduce inflammation. Avoiding prolonged periods of standing or sitting is also helpful, as these can exacerbate symptoms. Gentle physical activity, like walking, encourages circulation and can prevent blood from pooling.
If conservative measures are insufficient or symptoms persist after childbirth, medical interventions may be considered. These can include sclerotherapy, which involves injecting a solution to close the vein, or phlebectomy, a surgical procedure to remove affected veins. These medical treatments are generally reserved for severe or persistent cases that significantly impact quality of life. Individuals should seek professional medical advice if they experience severe pain, rapid worsening of symptoms, or have concerns about their condition.