Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness that typically affects young children, especially those under the age of five. This contagious infection is characterized by a fever, a sore throat, and a rash that appears as painful, blister-like lesions. These lesions commonly develop on the hands and feet, and inside or around the mouth, though they can also appear on the buttocks. HFMD is generally mild, with symptoms resolving within 7 to 10 days.
Understanding Immunity to Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease is caused by several types of viruses, primarily belonging to the enterovirus family. The most frequent cause in the United States is Coxsackievirus A16. However, other enteroviruses, such as Coxsackievirus A6 and Enterovirus 71, can also lead to HFMD.
When an individual recovers from an HFMD infection, their body develops specific immunity to the particular viral strain. This means that while the body becomes equipped to fight off that specific virus if encountered again, it does not provide protection against other strains. Consequently, exposure to a different type of enterovirus can result in a new HFMD infection.
Can You Get Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Again?
Given the existence of multiple viral strains capable of causing Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease, it is indeed possible to contract the illness more than once. Re-infection can occur even “back to back” if an individual is exposed to a different strain shortly after recovering from a previous infection. For example, someone might develop HFMD from Coxsackievirus A16 and then, a few weeks later, become infected with Coxsackievirus A6, leading to another episode. While subsequent infections are possible, some individuals, particularly older children and adults, might experience milder symptoms in later occurrences compared to their initial infection. The body’s increased familiarity with enteroviruses over time may contribute to a less severe response in subsequent infections.
Preventing the Spread of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Preventing HFMD transmission requires good hygiene, as the virus is highly contagious. Regular and thorough handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is a primary defense. This is particularly important after changing diapers, using the restroom, and before eating.
Disinfecting frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs, toys, and countertops, helps eliminate virus particles that can linger. Avoiding close contact with infected individuals, including hugging or sharing utensils, also reduces the risk of transmission. If someone in the household has HFMD, it is advisable for them to stay home from school or work to prevent further spread.