Ovarian cysts are a common gynecological condition. While often asymptomatic, for some individuals they cause severe and persistent symptoms. When these symptoms prevent regular work, qualifying for disability benefits may be possible. The Social Security Administration (SSA) does not explicitly list ovarian cysts as a disabling condition, but benefits may be available based on symptom severity and their documented impact on daily functioning.
Qualifying for Disability with Ovarian Cysts
The Social Security Administration does not maintain a specific listing for ovarian cysts in its “Blue Book” of recognized impairments. Qualification depends on how symptoms limit your ability to perform substantial gainful activity (SGA) for at least 12 months, or are expected to result in death. SGA refers to a level of work activity and earnings; for non-blind individuals in 2025, earning more than $1,620 per month generally indicates engaging in SGA.
Individuals experiencing severe symptoms from ovarian cysts might face chronic, debilitating pelvic pain, significant abdominal distension, or heavy and prolonged bleeding that results in anemia. Complications can include urinary or bowel dysfunction due to cyst compression, or the need for repeated surgeries. These symptoms can lead to functional limitations, such as difficulty sitting, standing, walking, lifting, or concentrating.
Medical documentation of these symptoms and their impact on your functional capabilities is important for a disability claim. The SSA evaluates claims based on how an impairment affects an individual’s ability to perform work-related tasks, possibly by “medically equaling” a listed impairment. For instance, severe chronic pain and mobility issues might be evaluated under the SSA’s musculoskeletal listings (Section 1.00). Similarly, if severe gastrointestinal complications arise, the claim could be considered under digestive system disorder criteria.
Types of Disability Benefits
The Social Security Administration offers two types of disability benefits: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). These programs serve different populations and have distinct eligibility requirements.
SSDI is for individuals who have worked and paid Social Security taxes for a sufficient number of years. SSI is a needs-based program for those with limited income and resources, regardless of work history. Both programs require meeting the SSA’s medical definition of disability.
The Disability Application Process
Applying for Social Security disability benefits requires thorough documentation of your medical condition and its impact. You can initiate an application online, by phone, or in person at a local Social Security office. The process begins with submitting an application and authorizing the SSA to collect your medical records.
Strong medical evidence is important for a successful claim. This includes doctor’s notes, reports from specialists, imaging results, laboratory test results, and hospital records. Provide a list of medications and document any side effects. Your medical records should clearly explain your diagnosis, treatment history, and how your condition limits your ability to perform work activities and daily tasks.
The SSA uses a five-step sequential evaluation process to determine disability:
Assessment of substantial gainful activity (SGA).
Determination of a severe impairment lasting or expected to last at least 12 months.
Evaluation of whether your impairment meets or medically equals a listing in their official Listing of Impairments.
Consideration of your ability to perform past work.
Assessment of your ability to adjust to any other type of work, considering age, education, and work experience.
The SSA may also request a consultative examination with their own doctors if more medical information is needed.
What to Do if Your Claim is Denied
If your claim is denied, you have a limited window, 60 days from the date you receive the denial letter, to file an appeal.
The appeals process involves several levels. The first level is Reconsideration, where someone not involved in the initial decision reviews your claim again. If denied at this stage, you can request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) to present your case in person. Further appeals can be made to the Appeals Council and to Federal Court.
Continuing medical treatment and gathering new medical evidence during the appeals process can strengthen your case. Seeking legal representation from a disability attorney or advocate is recommended, particularly at the ALJ hearing stage, as this can improve your chances of a successful outcome.