Yes, cysts can form in the mouth. An oral cyst is a closed cavity that develops within the oral tissues, filled with fluid or semi-solid material. These growths are noncancerous, but can lead to various concerns depending on their size and location within the mouth.
Understanding Oral Cysts
Oral cysts develop when a pathological cavity forms, lined by epithelium and surrounded by a connective tissue wall. Fluid accumulates within this cavity, causing it to expand. Cysts can occur in various parts of the mouth, including the gums, lips, inner cheeks, tongue, and jawbone, and may also involve the salivary glands.
These growths are slow-growing and may not cause immediate pain in their early stages. Oral cysts can appear as soft, round, or dome-shaped lesions, clear or with a bluish or pinkish hue, ranging in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. While some cysts may spontaneously rupture, others can persist and enlarge.
Common Causes and Symptoms
Oral cysts can arise from several mechanisms. One common cause is trauma or blockage of salivary gland ducts, leading to the formation of a mucocele, where saliva accumulates and becomes walled off. This can result from incidents like biting the lip or cheek, or even from dental issues and piercings. Another type, the periapical cyst, forms at the base of a tooth due to infection or nerve death within the tooth’s pulp.
Developmental issues can also contribute to cyst formation, such as dentigerous cysts that develop around the crown of an unerupted tooth, or odontogenic cysts originating from tissues involved in tooth development within the jawbone. While many cysts are initially asymptomatic, their growth can lead to symptoms. A visible lump or swelling is a common sign, and if the cyst becomes infected, it can cause pain, redness, and inflammation.
Large cysts might interfere with oral functions, making chewing, speaking, or swallowing difficult. Cysts in the jawbone can weaken the bone, leading to tooth displacement or even jaw fractures if left untreated. A foul taste or discharge may indicate an infection within the cyst.
Treatment and Management
The approach to treating an oral cyst depends on several factors, including its type, size, location, and whether it is causing symptoms or complications. Some smaller, harmless cysts, particularly mucoceles, may resolve on their own without intervention. However, ongoing monitoring by a dental professional is recommended to track their progression.
For cysts that are larger, persistent, or causing discomfort, surgical removal, known as excision, is a common treatment. This procedure aims to remove the cyst and prevent recurrence. In cases where a cyst is filled with fluid, drainage may be an option, though this can lead to the cyst refilling.
Alternative treatments like cryotherapy or laser treatment may be used for certain types of oral cysts, such as mucoceles. For cysts linked to a tooth infection, a root canal procedure may be performed to address the underlying cause and facilitate healing. A dental professional evaluates each situation to determine the most appropriate course of action.
When to Seek Professional Care
Seek professional dental care if any persistent lump, swelling, or unusual change is noticed within the mouth. This includes any area that causes discomfort, pain, or interferes with chewing, speaking, or swallowing. Self-diagnosis of oral growths is not recommended due to the varied nature of oral conditions.
A professional evaluation by a dentist or oral surgeon is necessary for diagnosis. They can determine the type of cyst or lesion and recommend the appropriate treatment plan. Early detection and timely intervention can help manage oral cysts effectively and prevent potential complications.