While many viral infections are often associated with a fever, leading to a common belief that without a high temperature, one cannot be sick. However, the presence of fever is not a universal indicator for all illnesses, and this holds true for COVID-19. An individual can indeed be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and experience the illness without ever developing a fever.
COVID-19 Without a Fever: The Reality
It is entirely possible to contract COVID-19 and not develop a fever, as confirmed by various studies throughout the pandemic. While early data suggested that a significant percentage of individuals with COVID-19 experienced a fever, closer examination revealed that a notable proportion did not. A substantial number of COVID-19 cases are classified as asymptomatic, meaning individuals are infected but show no symptoms at all. Importantly, individuals can still transmit the virus to others even if they do not have a fever or exhibit any symptoms.
Why Fever Might Be Absent
Several factors contribute to why some individuals with COVID-19 might not develop a fever. One significant reason is the variation in individual immune responses; some immune systems may mount a response that does not involve a generalized increase in body temperature. The specific variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus can also influence symptom presentation; newer variants, such as Omicron, have been observed to be less likely to induce a fever compared to earlier variants.
An individual’s vaccination status also plays a role in symptom severity, including the presence of fever. Vaccination primes the immune system, enabling it to respond more mildly to an infection, thereby reducing the likelihood of developing a fever. Children, for example, are also less prone to developing a fever when infected with COVID-19.
Recognizing Other COVID-19 Symptoms
Since fever is not a universal sign, it is important to be aware of other common indicators of COVID-19. Many individuals experience a cough, which can be new and continuous, along with fatigue or extreme tiredness. A sore throat is another frequently reported symptom, often accompanied by a blocked or runny nose.
Loss or changes to the sense of smell or taste have also been prominent symptoms. Other possible signs include shortness of breath, an aching body, muscle pains, and headaches. Digestive issues such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea can also occur. These symptoms can range in severity and may sometimes resemble those of a common cold or the flu.
What to Do if You Suspect COVID-19 Without Fever
If you suspect you have COVID-19, even without a fever, it is important to get tested. Both PCR and rapid antigen tests can help confirm an infection. Home test kits are widely available and can provide reliable results.
Should you test positive or experience symptoms, it is advisable to isolate yourself to prevent further transmission. Stay home until your symptoms are improving and you have been fever-free for at least 24 hours without the use of fever-reducing medication. Even if you do not have symptoms but test positive, taking precautions like wearing a mask around others is recommended. If your symptoms worsen, or if you are considered high-risk, consulting a healthcare professional is important for guidance and potential treatment.