It is common for individuals to experience chills before their period, a phenomenon that many recognize as part of their monthly cycle. The menstrual cycle involves a series of hormonal changes that can influence various bodily functions, including temperature regulation. These fluctuations are a key factor in the physical sensations experienced during this time.
Understanding Premenstrual Chills
Premenstrual chills are a widely reported symptom, often occurring as part of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or, in some instances, the more severe premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). They are described as a sensation of coldness, sometimes with shivering or goosebumps, even in warm environments. This feeling arises during the luteal phase, after ovulation and leading up to menstruation. The chills can be part of a broader set of flu-like symptoms, sometimes referred to as “period flu,” which may also include fatigue, body aches, and headaches. While not a formal medical diagnosis, “period flu” discomfort is recognized by many who experience it.
Biological Mechanisms Behind Premenstrual Chills
Hormonal fluctuations characterize the menstrual cycle and drive premenstrual chills. Estrogen and progesterone interplay impacts the body’s thermoregulation center in the brain’s hypothalamus. During the luteal phase, after ovulation, progesterone levels rise, which can cause a slight increase in basal body temperature (BBT) by approximately 0.3°C to 0.7°C. As menstruation approaches, both estrogen and progesterone levels drop sharply. This decline in hormones, particularly estrogen, can lead to sensations of cold and even hot flashes, as the body’s internal thermostat adjusts.
Prostaglandins, hormone-like substances from the uterine lining, also play a role. Released before and during menstruation, they help the uterus contract and shed its lining, contributing to cramps. Excess prostaglandins can enter the bloodstream and influence body temperature regulation, similar to how they cause other systemic symptoms like nausea or diarrhea. While the direct link between prostaglandins and chills is not fully established, their role in inflammation and temperature-related symptoms is recognized. Hormonal shifts can also subtly affect the immune system, potentially altering immune response and contributing to feeling generally unwell or experiencing flu-like symptoms.
Coping Strategies
Managing premenstrual chills involves comfort measures and lifestyle adjustments. To counter the sensation of cold, wearing warm clothing, using blankets, or taking warm baths and showers can provide relief. Warm beverages like herbal teas can also help warm the body.
Supporting overall well-being can mitigate symptoms. Adequate sleep, stress management (e.g., meditation, gentle yoga), and light exercise can be beneficial. A balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, while limiting caffeine, alcohol, sugar, and salt, may stabilize blood sugar and reduce inflammation. For individuals experiencing chills alongside other inflammatory symptoms, over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can help by inhibiting prostaglandin production.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While premenstrual chills are often normal, consult a healthcare professional if symptoms are severe, persistent, or significantly interfere with daily life. Seek medical attention if chills accompany other concerning symptoms, such as a high fever, atypical extreme fatigue, severe pain, or any new or unusual symptoms. A healthcare provider can help determine if there are other underlying conditions contributing to the symptoms and can discuss personalized management plans or treatment options.