Capsular contracture is a potential complication following implant surgery, particularly breast augmentation. It involves the formation of abnormally firm and tight scar tissue around the implant. While the body naturally forms a protective capsule around any foreign object, in capsular contracture, this response becomes excessive, leading to various issues.
What Is Capsular Contracture
Capsular contracture is a condition where the normal fibrous capsule that forms around a breast implant hardens and tightens. When an implant is placed, the body recognizes it as a foreign object and creates a protective barrier of scar tissue, known as a capsule, around it. Usually, this capsule remains soft and pliable, allowing the implant to feel natural within the breast.
In cases of capsular contracture, this natural healing response becomes exaggerated. The scar tissue thickens and contracts, squeezing the implant. This can lead to the implant feeling noticeably firmer, distorting the breast’s shape, and potentially causing discomfort or pain.
When Capsular Contracture Develops
Capsular contracture can develop at any time after breast implant surgery, although specific timelines are more common. Most cases, approximately 75%, occur within the first two years following the procedure. Symptoms can appear as early as three to six months post-surgery.
While capsular contracture can develop at any time, it is uncommon immediately after surgery. Early onset, within the first four to six weeks, is possible but rare. Such early development might suggest the body is not compatible with the implant, an issue with the implant itself, or improper healing. Factors such as bacterial contamination around the implant, a hematoma (blood collection), or an infection can contribute to early capsular contracture.
Recognizing Early Indicators
Early indicators of capsular contracture include an increased firmness in one or both breasts, which may feel noticeably harder than expected after surgery. The breast might also begin to appear rounder, higher on the chest, or uneven compared to the other breast.
Patients might experience unexplained tenderness, sensitivity, or aching in the breast. A feeling of tightness or difficulty with the natural movement of the implant can also occur. While pain is possible, it is not always present in the early stages, especially in less severe grades of contracture.
Minimizing Your Risk
While capsular contracture cannot be entirely prevented, certain measures can help reduce the risk. Follow all post-operative care instructions provided by your surgeon, including specific guidelines on activity levels and wound care.
Some surgeons may recommend specific massage techniques for the breasts, which, if advised, should be performed as instructed to help maintain the softness of the capsule. Avoiding complications like infection or hematoma in the immediate post-operative period can increase the likelihood of contracture. The surgeon’s technique during implantation, such as minimizing implant handling and potentially using antibiotics, can also play a role in reducing risk.