A dental filling is a common procedure to repair a tooth damaged by decay. While generally safe, it is possible for an infection to develop after a dental filling. This article explains how these infections can occur, how to recognize their signs, when to seek professional help, and steps to reduce your risk.
How Infections Develop After a Filling
Infections after a dental filling typically arise from bacteria, not from the filling material itself. Several pathways can lead to such an infection.
One common scenario involves pre-existing decay that was very deep, reaching close to the tooth’s innermost part, the pulp. Even after the decayed material is removed, residual bacteria or irritation from the procedure can inflame the pulp, a condition called pulpitis, which can then progress to an infection.
Another reason an infection might develop is if the filling does not create a complete seal with the tooth. Tiny gaps or “microleakage” can allow bacteria to seep underneath the filling, leading to new decay or infecting the pulp. A tooth or filling that cracks can also provide an entry point for bacteria. Additionally, trauma to the filled tooth, such as biting on something hard, can damage the tooth or filling. These issues create an opportunity for bacterial invasion. Infections can manifest as a periapical abscess at the root tip or a periodontal abscess in the surrounding gum tissue.
Identifying Signs of Infection
After a dental filling, some temporary sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, or discomfort when biting, is normal and usually subsides within a few days to a few weeks. However, certain symptoms indicate a potential infection.
Persistent or worsening pain, especially a throbbing sensation that doesn’t improve, is a significant indicator. Swelling around the affected tooth, in the gums, or even in the face or jaw, can also signal an infection.
The presence of pus or an unusual discharge, often accompanied by a foul odor, is a clear sign of infection. Other symptoms might include lingering sensitivity to hot or cold that doesn’t fade, pain when chewing, or a general feeling of being unwell, sometimes with a fever or swollen lymph nodes in the neck.
When to Contact Your Dentist
Prompt action is important if you suspect an infection after a dental filling. Contact your dentist immediately if you experience severe or worsening pain that does not subside, especially if it is accompanied by throbbing. Visible swelling in your mouth or face, fever, or a general feeling of illness also prompt an urgent call. The presence of pus, a foul taste, or difficulty opening your mouth or swallowing are serious signs that require immediate attention.
When you contact your dentist, they will typically perform an examination, which may include taking X-rays, to diagnose the issue. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment options might involve antibiotics, a root canal procedure, drainage of an abscess, replacement of the filling, or tooth extraction if damage is severe. Early intervention can prevent the infection from spreading and avoid more extensive treatments.
Reducing Your Risk
Taking proactive steps can help reduce the risk of post-filling infections. Maintaining excellent oral hygiene is fundamental; this includes brushing your teeth twice daily and flossing daily to remove plaque and food particles around the filled tooth. Regular dental check-ups and cleanings are also important, as your dentist can monitor the condition of your filling and detect any potential issues early.
Following your dentist’s post-filling care instructions is also beneficial. This might involve avoiding chewing on the filled tooth for a specified period, especially with certain filling materials, and being cautious with hard, sticky, or very hot or cold foods that could damage the filling. Avoiding habits like chewing on hard objects, such as ice or hard candy, or addressing teeth grinding (bruxism) can protect your fillings from damage. Promptly reporting any unusual or persistent symptoms to your dentist allows for early assessment and intervention.