Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), commonly referred to as altitude sickness, is a collection of non-specific symptoms that occur when a person ascends too quickly to a high elevation. This limits the body’s ability to adapt to the reduced availability of oxygen caused by lower atmospheric pressure. Colorado Springs sits at an approximate elevation of 6,035 feet (1,839 meters) above sea level.
The Altitude Threshold and Local Risk
The official threshold for what is considered high altitude risk, where the majority of unacclimatized individuals begin to experience symptoms, is typically defined as elevations above 8,000 feet (2,400 meters). Since Colorado Springs rests at about 6,035 feet, the risk of developing full-blown Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) is relatively low. However, some individuals are particularly susceptible and may experience mild symptoms at elevations as low as 6,600 feet, especially if they travel directly from sea level.
The risk increases dramatically for visitors who immediately travel to local higher elevations, such as the summit of Pikes Peak, which soars to 14,115 feet (4,302 meters). A rapid ascent from 6,000 feet to over 14,000 feet in a matter of hours provides the body no time to adjust, significantly raising the chance of developing moderate to severe AMS. Even staying at higher points within the greater Colorado Springs area, where some parts of the city exceed 7,000 feet, can increase the chance of experiencing discomfort.
Recognizing the Signs of Altitude Sickness
Altitude sickness often presents with symptoms similar to a severe hangover or the flu. The most common and earliest sign is a persistent, throbbing headache. This is frequently accompanied by gastrointestinal distress, such as mild nausea or a reduced appetite.
Other frequent symptoms of mild AMS include fatigue, mild dizziness, or lightheadedness. Many people also report difficulty sleeping, characterized by frequent awakenings or periodic breathing patterns during the night. It is important to distinguish these mild symptoms from the rare, severe forms of altitude illness like High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) or High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE), which involve confusion, loss of coordination, or severe shortness of breath, as these require immediate medical attention and descent.
Proactive Strategies for Acclimatization
The most effective strategy is a slow and deliberate pace upon arrival. While a slow ascent is not possible when flying directly into the area, visitors should aim to limit strenuous physical activity for the first 24 to 48 hours. Instead of immediately embarking on a challenging hike, opt for light sightseeing and easy movements to allow your respiratory and circulatory systems time to adapt.
Proper hydration is important, as the dry mountain air and increased respiration rate cause the body to lose fluid faster than at sea level. Proactively drink plenty of non-alcoholic fluids, such as water and electrolyte-containing beverages, even if you do not feel thirsty. Conversely, avoid or severely limit alcohol and excessive caffeine intake, as these substances can interfere with the body’s acclimatization process and contribute to dehydration.
Immediate Steps When Symptoms Develop
If you begin to feel unwell, the first step is to stop any activity and rest immediately. Mild symptoms like a headache can often be managed with common over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Continue to monitor your symptoms closely and maintain consistent hydration.
Descending to a lower elevation is the most effective treatment. If your symptoms are not improving after a day of rest, or if they begin to worsen, you must descend immediately and seek medical attention. Aim for a descent of at least 500 to 1,000 feet to provide significant relief.