A yeast infection is a common fungal infection that can cause discomfort. This article addresses what yeast infections are and whether they can be transmitted from person to person.
Understanding Yeast Infections
Yeast infections, medically known as candidiasis, are primarily caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Candida, most often Candida albicans. This fungus is a naturally occurring microorganism found in small amounts on the skin, in the mouth, and within the digestive tract, including the vagina. Normally, beneficial bacteria keep Candida levels balanced. When this balance is disrupted, Candida can proliferate, leading to an infection. These infections commonly affect warm, moist areas of the body, such as the vagina, mouth (oral thrush), skin folds, and sometimes the penis.
Yeast Infection Transmission
Yeast infections are generally not classified as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) because they can develop in individuals who are not sexually active. Sexual contact can facilitate Candida transfer between partners, though the likelihood of transmission is small. About 15% of men may experience symptoms of a penile yeast infection after sexual intercourse with an infected female partner.
It is also possible, though less common, for yeast infections to be transmitted through oral sex, as Candida can be present in both oral and genital areas. Sharing personal items like towels or underwear that have come into contact with an infected area can theoretically transfer yeast, but this risk is low with proper hygiene. While Candida can be exchanged, a symptomatic infection usually results from an internal imbalance rather than solely external contact.
Factors Contributing to Yeast Overgrowth
Several factors can disrupt the delicate balance of microorganisms, allowing Candida to multiply uncontrollably. A common cause is the use of antibiotics, which can eliminate beneficial bacteria that normally keep Candida in check. Hormonal changes also play a role, with increased estrogen levels during pregnancy, due to birth control pills, or during menstrual cycles potentially raising the risk of infection. Conditions that weaken the immune system, such as diabetes or certain medical treatments, can make an individual more susceptible to Candida overgrowth. Wearing tight, non-breathable clothing can also create a warm, moist environment conducive to yeast proliferation.
Preventing Yeast Infections
Preventing yeast infections involves both managing internal factors and minimizing potential external transfer. Practicing good hygiene, such as using mild, unscented soap for intimate areas and wiping from front to back after using the bathroom, can help maintain a healthy balance. Wearing breathable cotton underwear and avoiding tight-fitting clothing helps keep the genital area dry and reduces moisture buildup, which can deter yeast growth.
Managing underlying health conditions, particularly diabetes, by keeping blood sugar levels controlled is important, as high sugar levels can promote yeast growth. Using antibiotics only when necessary and completing the full course can help preserve the body’s natural bacterial flora.
When concerned about sexual transmission, using condoms can help reduce the risk of transferring Candida between partners. Avoiding douching and harsh feminine hygiene products also helps by not disrupting the natural vaginal environment.