Warts are common skin growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). While warts typically do not grow directly on the eyeball, they are common on the delicate skin and membranes surrounding the eye. These growths are generally benign, meaning non-cancerous, but their presence can lead to irritation or cosmetic concerns.
Where Warts Appear Around the Eye
Warts frequently appear on the eyelids and the surrounding skin. These growths often present as small, flesh-colored bumps that may have a rough, textured surface, sometimes described as cauliflower-like. A specific type, filiform warts, can also develop in the eye region, characterized by long, narrow projections resembling threads or spiky brushes.
Warts can also manifest on the conjunctiva, which is the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye and lining the inside of the eyelids. Conjunctival papillomas can appear as stalked or flat lesions and may also have a cauliflower-like or finger-like appearance. While these growths are not found on the cornea or within the internal structures of the eye, their proximity can still cause issues.
Causes and Transmission
The sole cause of warts is infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Over 100 subtypes of HPV exist, with specific strains commonly associated with warts around the eyes. The virus primarily spreads to the eye region through direct skin-to-skin contact with an existing wart on another part of the body.
Transmission can also occur through contact with an infected person or from contaminated surfaces. Minor skin injuries or frequent rubbing of the eyes can create entry points for the virus, increasing the risk of developing warts. Individuals with weakened immune systems are also more susceptible to HPV infection and wart development.
Symptoms and When to Seek Medical Attention
Many warts around the eye are asymptomatic or may only lead to mild irritation. However, depending on their size and location, they can cause a range of symptoms. These may include itching, a gritty sensation, or general discomfort in the affected eye, sometimes described as feeling like something is in the eye.
Larger warts, particularly those on the eyelid margin, can cause cosmetic concerns or interfere with vision. They might also disrupt normal tear flow, leading to symptoms of dryness or excessive tearing. If you notice any suspicious growth near your eye, experience persistent irritation, or have blood-tinged tears, it is important to consult an ophthalmologist or dermatologist. Professional diagnosis is necessary to differentiate warts from other conditions and determine the most appropriate course of action.
Treatment and Management
The treatment approach for warts in the eye area varies depending on factors such as the wart’s size, location, and the patient’s overall health. Small growths that do not cause discomfort may be monitored without immediate intervention. However, for bothersome or cosmetically undesirable warts, several medical interventions are available.
Surgical excision is a common and often effective method. Cryotherapy, which involves freezing the wart, is another widely used option. Laser therapy can also be employed to remove the growth.
Topical medications may be prescribed, though their use around the delicate eye area requires caution and professional guidance. Electrosurgery might also be recommended. While treatments aim to remove the wart, there is a possibility of recurrence, as the human papillomavirus can persist in the body. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is often recommended to manage any reoccurrences.