While diarrhea does not directly cause a urinary tract infection (UTI), it can significantly increase the risk. This heightened risk stems from the close anatomical proximity of the anus to the urethra, allowing bacteria from loose stools to transfer to the urinary opening.
How UTIs Develop
A urinary tract infection is an infection that can occur in any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most infections commonly affect the lower urinary tract, specifically the bladder and the urethra. Bacteria typically enter the urinary tract through the urethra and can then ascend to the bladder.
The urinary system possesses natural defenses to prevent bacteria from taking hold. However, these defenses can sometimes be overwhelmed, allowing bacteria to multiply and cause an infection. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most frequent cause of uncomplicated UTIs, responsible for an estimated 75% to 90% of cases.
The Diarrhea-UTI Connection
The primary mechanism linking diarrhea to increased UTI risk involves bacterial transfer. The anus and urethra are in close anatomical proximity, especially in individuals assigned female at birth. This allows bacteria to easily migrate from the anal region to the urethral opening.
Biological females have a shorter urethra, providing a shorter pathway for bacteria to reach the bladder. Loose stools, with their increased fluidity and frequency, facilitate the spread of E. coli, which is abundant in the gastrointestinal tract, from the anal area to the urethral opening. This bacterial transfer creates an opportunity for these microbes to enter the urinary tract and initiate an infection.
Reducing the Risk
Implementing specific hygiene practices can help reduce UTI risk, particularly when experiencing diarrhea. Always wipe from front to back after a bowel movement to prevent bacterial transfer from the anal area towards the urethra. Thorough cleaning of the perineal area after each bowel movement is also important.
Maintaining good hydration by drinking plenty of water helps flush bacteria out of the urinary tract. Urinating often and completely emptying the bladder prevents bacteria from multiplying. Promptly changing soiled underwear minimizes bacterial exposure. Opting for showers instead of long baths and choosing breathable cotton underwear can also contribute to a less hospitable environment for bacterial growth.
Recognizing a UTI
Recognizing UTI symptoms is important for timely intervention. Common indicators include a frequent and urgent need to urinate, and a burning sensation during urination.
Urine might appear cloudy or have a strong, unusual odor. Pain or pressure in the pelvic area, particularly in the lower abdomen, is also common. If these symptoms are present, consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.