While less common than other eye infections, Streptococcus bacteria can cause an infection in the eye. This bacterium, known for causing strep throat, can lead to various ocular infections, including conjunctivitis, or “pink eye.” Recognizing the signs of such an infection is important for eye health.
How Strep Affects the Eye
Streptococcus is a diverse group of bacteria, with different species causing eye infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae commonly causes bacterial conjunctivitis, especially in children. Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A strep, can also lead to eye infections. These bacteria naturally exist on the eye’s surface, but an imbalance can cause infection.
Transmission of Streptococcus to the eye typically occurs through direct contact. This can happen when contaminated hands, perhaps from touching an infected surface or person, then touch the eyes. Bacteria can also spread from other infected body areas, such as the respiratory system or skin, to the eyes. Improper contact lens hygiene and sharing contaminated personal items like cosmetics or towels are also potential pathways. In rare but severe cases, Streptococcus can cause endophthalmitis, a serious infection inside the eyeball, often following eye surgery or trauma.
Identifying the Symptoms
A strep eye infection, most commonly bacterial conjunctivitis, presents with several symptoms. The eyes may appear red and feel irritated or gritty. Eyelid swelling is also common.
Eye discharge is a frequent symptom, varying in color (white, yellow, or green) and consistency (watery or thick). This discharge might cause eyelids to stick together, especially upon waking. Other symptoms include burning, stinging, itching, increased tearing, and light sensitivity. These symptoms can overlap with other eye infections, making professional diagnosis important.
Medical Approaches to Eye Strep
When a strep eye infection is suspected, medical professionals typically begin with a physical eye examination. To confirm Streptococcus, a bacterial culture may be performed. This involves sampling the infected area to identify the pathogen, guiding treatment decisions.
Treatment for bacterial eye infections primarily involves antibiotics. For conjunctivitis, antibiotic eye drops or ointments are commonly prescribed, delivering medication directly to the infection site. Examples include tobramycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. In severe cases or systemic conditions, oral antibiotics may be necessary. Complete the full course of prescribed medication, even if symptoms improve, to ensure eradication and prevent antibiotic resistance.
Preventing Infection and Seeking Care
Preventing strep eye infections largely centers on maintaining good hygiene practices. Frequent and thorough handwashing is a primary defense against the spread of bacteria. It is important to avoid touching or rubbing the eyes, especially with unwashed hands, as this can transfer bacteria. Not sharing personal items that come into contact with the eyes, such as towels, washcloths, or eye makeup, can also help prevent transmission. For contact lens wearers, strict adherence to proper cleaning and replacement schedules is essential to reduce the risk of infection.
Seek prompt medical attention if eye infection symptoms develop. While some mild bacterial conjunctivitis cases may resolve, a healthcare provider can accurately diagnose and recommend treatment. Delayed treatment or self-diagnosis can lead to complications, including worsening infection, corneal ulcers, scarring, or vision loss. Consult a doctor if symptoms are severe, worsen, do not improve, or if there are vision changes, severe pain, or extreme light sensitivity.