A sore throat is a frequently reported side effect for people who use e-cigarettes. Vaping devices function by heating a liquid, known as e-liquid, into an aerosol that is then inhaled. This aerosol contains components that can irritate the delicate mucous membranes of the throat, leading to a scratchy, dry, or sore sensation. The discomfort often results from a combination of the liquid’s chemical makeup, the device’s settings, and the user’s technique.
Chemical Irritants in Vaping Liquids
The primary ingredients in e-liquids are Propylene Glycol (PG) and Vegetable Glycerin (VG), which form the base of the aerosol. PG is recognized for its hygroscopic nature, meaning it actively draws moisture from its surroundings, including the inner lining of the throat. This moisture-sapping action causes dryness, which is felt as irritation or a sore throat over time. Higher concentrations of PG deliver a more pronounced “throat hit,” a sensation perceived as harshness or soreness, especially by new users.
Vegetable Glycerin (VG), while also hygroscopic, is thicker and generally produces a smoother vapor, making it less irritating than PG. High VG liquids produce a dense aerosol that can sometimes coat the throat, leading to a feeling of phlegm buildup or a persistent cough. Nicotine concentration also plays a significant role in the level of irritation experienced. Higher nicotine strengths, particularly those using freebase nicotine, increase the chemical alkalinity of the aerosol, which intensifies the throat hit and can cause a burning sensation.
Flavorings introduce another layer of potential irritation, as certain compounds are known to be sensitizing agents. Some flavor profiles are more likely to cause issues than others. For example, specific compounds used to create flavors like cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon), some menthol variants, and citrus notes have been linked to heightened throat irritation. The volume of flavor concentrate used can also contribute to discomfort, regardless of the specific chemical compound.
Device Settings and Vaping Technique
The way a vaping device is operated can directly cause a sore throat. Using a device at a wattage or temperature setting that is too high for the coil and e-liquid combination is a common culprit. Excessive heat causes the PG and VG to thermally decompose, generating irritating compounds like formaldehyde and acrolein. This rapid overheating results in a sensation often described as a “dry puff” or “burnt taste.”
The condition of the coil and wick is another factor that leads to acute throat irritation. An old coil with residual buildup or a wick that has not been properly saturated will deliver a harsh, scorched flavor. This “dry hit” is the result of inhaling aerosolized burnt cotton and metal residue, which severely irritates the throat lining. Regular coil replacement is necessary to prevent this harshness.
Vaping technique also dictates the severity of throat irritation. Chain vaping, which involves taking frequent, continuous puffs, prevents the coil’s wick from fully re-saturating between inhales. This constant heating of a partially dry wick leads to mini-dry hits and persistent soreness. Inhaling technique should match the device: Mouth-to-Lung (MTL) devices are designed for a tighter draw, while Direct-to-Lung (DTL) devices require a smoother, deeper inhale.
Relief Measures and Reducing Recurrence
Immediate relief for a sore throat caused by vaping involves counteracting the drying effect of the e-liquid’s base ingredients. Drinking plenty of water or warm beverages helps rehydrate the throat’s mucous membranes, which are dried out by the hygroscopic nature of PG and VG. Sucking on throat lozenges or cough drops can also provide temporary numbing or soothing relief.
For a long-term solution, several adjustments to the vaping setup can prevent recurrence. Since Propylene Glycol is the main source of dryness, switching to an e-liquid with a higher Vegetable Glycerin ratio, such as 70% VG or more, results in a smoother, less irritating vapor. Reducing the nicotine strength will also decrease the harshness of the throat hit.
Device settings should be checked and lowered to prevent thermal degradation of the e-liquid. Operating the device within the coil manufacturer’s recommended wattage range prevents overheating and producing a painful dry hit. Changing the coil or pod regularly, typically every one to two weeks, eliminates the source of metallic or burnt flavors. If the soreness is severe or persists, temporary cessation from vaping is the most effective way to allow the throat tissue to fully heal.