A mammogram is a specialized X-ray of the breast tissue, used as both a screening and diagnostic tool to detect changes that could indicate breast cancer. Nursing mothers often have questions about mammogram safety and effectiveness due to breast changes during lactation.
Mammography During Lactation
The American College of Radiology confirms mammography is safe for both screening and diagnosis during lactation. The procedure employs low-dose X-rays, which do not accumulate in breast milk and pose no known harm to the nursing baby. Therefore, there is no need to interrupt breastfeeding before or after the examination. The negligible radiation exposure, typically less than 0.03 mGy for a four-view mammogram, is not considered a risk. Given this safety, breast imaging should not be delayed if clinical concerns arise.
Interpreting Results in Nursing Mothers
Lactation introduces complexities when interpreting mammogram images. Hormonal changes increase breast volume and density, making interpretation challenging as abnormalities can be obscured or mimicked. The presence of milk within dilated ducts further contributes to this density, which can reduce mammography effectiveness. As a result, lactating women may have a higher chance of false-positive findings, potentially leading to additional follow-up imaging or biopsies. An experienced radiologist, particularly one specializing in breast imaging, can provide accurate interpretation of these dense images.
Optimizing Your Mammogram Experience
To improve image quality and comfort during a mammogram while nursing, consider strategic timing. Nursing or pumping immediately prior to your appointment can decrease breast density and improve image clarity. Communicate your nursing status to the technologist before the procedure. This allows them to adjust techniques and be aware of potential discomfort. Additionally, avoid applying deodorants, antiperspirants, powders, lotions, creams, or perfumes on your breasts or underarms on the day of the exam, as these products can interfere with interpretation.
Additional Imaging Options
When mammogram results are inconclusive due to breast density or other lactation-related factors, other imaging modalities can provide a more comprehensive assessment.
Breast Ultrasound
Breast ultrasound is often the preferred initial tool for evaluating palpable masses or symptoms in lactating individuals. Ultrasound uses sound waves, not radiation, effectively distinguishing between fluid-filled cysts and solid masses. Studies show its high sensitivity for detecting breast concerns in lactating women.
Breast MRI
Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is another safe option for nursing mothers. While not recommended during pregnancy due to gadolinium-based contrast agents, these are safe during lactation with minimal transfer into breast milk. Despite increased breast density, breast MRI shows high sensitivity for detecting breast cancer, typically ranging from 98% to 100%.