Teething marks a developmental phase when a baby’s first teeth, known as primary teeth, begin to emerge through the gums. This process typically starts between four and seven months of age, though the timing varies significantly among infants. The discomfort caused by this eruption often leads to confusion and anxiety for parents trying to determine if their child’s symptoms are normal or signs of illness. Many parents attribute a wide range of ailments, including high temperatures, to this natural milestone. This article clarifies the medical facts regarding teething and fever, providing guidance on symptoms and when to seek medical advice.
The Scientific Consensus on Teething and High Fever
Major medical organizations agree that the localized process of a tooth breaking through the gum tissue does not cause a true fever. A temperature reading of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher is the accepted threshold for defining a fever, and this level is not a direct result of teething. If a child registers a temperature at or above this mark, it suggests an underlying infection or illness that requires attention. Infants often experience a slight, temporary elevation in body temperature, sometimes called a “teething temperature.” This minor increase is typically below 100.4°F and is thought to be a localized inflammatory response in the gums. Mistaking this low-grade rise for a fever can be dangerous, potentially leading parents to overlook a separate, serious condition, such as an ear infection or a viral illness.
Common Symptoms Associated with Teething
The discomfort associated with teething is generally confined to the mouth and surrounding areas. One of the most frequently observed signs is excessive drooling, which can begin weeks before a tooth appears. This increased saliva production often leads to a mild, chapped rash around the mouth, chin, and neck due to constant moisture and irritation. Infants will often exhibit a strong urge to chew or gnaw on objects, a behavior that provides counter-pressure to alleviate the throbbing sensation in the gums. The gums themselves may appear red, slightly swollen, or tender at the site of the erupting tooth. These physical changes contribute to increased fussiness and irritability, along with minor disruptions to sleep patterns.
When to Consult a Pediatrician
While the symptoms of teething are usually manageable, certain signs should prompt immediate consultation with a healthcare provider. A temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or greater is the most significant indicator that the child’s discomfort is caused by an illness unrelated to the eruption of a tooth. If this temperature persists for longer than 24 to 48 hours, medical evaluation is necessary to identify and treat the source of the fever. Other symptoms are considered red flags. These include vomiting, diarrhea, and a lack of appetite for liquids, which could lead to dehydration. Severe lethargy, an unexplained full-body rash, or inconsolable crying that lasts for hours, or is accompanied by persistent ear pulling, all suggest a condition beyond localized gum irritation. Attributing these symptoms to teething can delay the diagnosis and treatment of a genuine infection.
Safe and Effective Methods for Soothing Pain
The most effective methods for alleviating teething discomfort focus on applying pressure and a cool sensation to the irritated gums.
Pressure and Cooling
Providing a clean, firm rubber teether that has been chilled in the refrigerator can help numb the area. A damp washcloth twisted and placed in the refrigerator also makes an excellent, soft chewing surface. Parents can gently massage the infant’s gums with a clean finger to provide temporary relief from pressure.
Medication and Warnings
If the baby is significantly uncomfortable, a healthcare provider may recommend a specific dose of an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, taking age restrictions into account. It is important to avoid products containing the numbing agent benzocaine, as well as homeopathic teething tablets and amber necklaces, which have been linked to safety concerns.