Yes, it is possible to develop a cyst on your testicle. These fluid-filled sacs are common and generally benign. While often harmless, any new lump or change warrants prompt medical evaluation.
Types and Characteristics of Testicular Cysts
A testicular cyst is a fluid-filled sac within the scrotum. The two most common types are epididymal cysts and spermatoceles, both originating in the epididymis, a coiled tube behind each testicle that stores and transports sperm.
Epididymal cysts contain clear fluid from a blockage in small tubules. Spermatoceles are a specific type of epididymal cyst with milky fluid containing sperm cells. Distinguishing them without specialized tests can be challenging.
These cysts often feel smooth, distinct, and movable, usually located at the top or behind the testicle. They vary in size, from small to larger masses. Most are painless and do not interfere with sexual function or fertility.
Recognizing Symptoms and When to Seek Medical Attention
Testicular cysts often produce no symptoms and may be discovered incidentally during self-examination or a routine physical. When symptoms occur, they can include a noticeable lump, a feeling of fullness or heaviness, or mild discomfort. Some individuals might experience a dull ache or dragging sensation.
While most testicular lumps are benign cysts, any new lump, swelling, pain, or change requires immediate medical evaluation. These symptoms can indicate more serious conditions, such as testicular cancer, which needs early diagnosis for effective treatment. A healthcare provider can assess the lump and determine its nature.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Diagnosing a testicular cyst begins with a physical examination. A healthcare professional will feel the scrotum and testicles for lumps. A transillumination test, shining a light through the scrotum, can show if the mass is fluid-filled, as cysts allow light to pass. An ultrasound scan confirms the diagnosis, providing detailed images to differentiate cysts from other conditions, including solid masses.
Most testicular cysts do not require treatment, especially if small and asymptomatic. In these cases, watchful waiting is recommended, monitoring the cyst over time. Treatment is considered if the cyst grows significantly, causes persistent pain or discomfort, or affects quality of life.
Surgical removal, known as spermatocelectomy or epididymal cystectomy, is the common treatment for symptomatic cysts. This outpatient procedure involves a small incision to remove the cyst. Potential risks include temporary swelling, bruising, or recurrence. The prognosis for testicular cysts is excellent, as they are benign and do not lead to long-term health issues.