Cysts can form on the bottom of the foot, appearing as noticeable lumps beneath the skin. While generally not cancerous, they can cause discomfort, pain, or limited mobility due to pressure from daily activities like walking and standing. Addressing these foot cysts often involves identifying their type and understanding their causes.
Types of Cysts Found on the Foot
Several types of cysts can develop on the plantar surface of the foot. One common type is the ganglion cyst, a fluid-filled sac that typically arises near joints or tendons. These cysts contain a clear, jelly-like fluid. While ganglion cysts commonly appear on the top of the foot, they can also occur on the sole.
Another type is the epidermal inclusion cyst, also known as an epidermoid cyst. These benign lumps form just beneath the skin and are filled with keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nails. They are thought to result from the traumatic implantation of epidermal cells into deeper skin layers. Plantar fibromas are also found on the bottom of the foot, specifically within the plantar fascia. These are firm, fibrous nodules, not fluid-filled cysts, but they present as palpable lumps and can cause discomfort.
Symptoms and Causes of Foot Cysts
Cysts on the bottom of the foot can manifest with various symptoms, depending on their size, location, and whether they are pressing on surrounding structures. A noticeable lump or bump is the primary indicator. This lump may be soft or firm to the touch and can sometimes change in size. Pain is a common symptom, often described as a dull ache or tenderness, which can worsen with pressure from shoes or during walking and standing.
If a cyst is near a nerve, it might cause tingling, burning, or numbness in the affected area. Cysts can also interfere with wearing shoes comfortably or impact foot function, leading to difficulty with normal activities. While the exact causes of many foot cysts are not fully understood, contributing factors include trauma or injury, repetitive stress, and chronic irritation to joints or tendons. In some cases, cysts may arise from inflammatory conditions like arthritis or blocked oil glands.
Diagnosing and Treating Foot Cysts
Diagnosing a foot cyst typically begins with a physical examination. The doctor assesses the lump’s size, location, and tenderness, and inquires about its history and symptoms. Imaging studies are often used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. An ultrasound can determine if the lump is fluid-filled or solid, while Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides detailed soft tissue images. X-rays may also be taken to check for bone involvement.
Treatment approaches for foot cysts vary based on the type, size, and symptom severity. For small, painless cysts, monitoring may be recommended, as some resolve on their own. Conservative measures include modifying footwear, using padding, or limiting pain-exacerbating activities. If the cyst causes significant discomfort, aspiration (draining fluid with a needle) may be performed, though recurrence is possible. Surgical removal may be considered if conservative treatments are ineffective, symptoms persist, or the cyst returns.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional if a lump or bump appears on the bottom of your foot. While many foot cysts are benign, a medical evaluation provides an accurate diagnosis and rules out more serious conditions. Seek professional medical attention if the cyst causes persistent pain, discomfort that interferes with daily activities, or if it grows rapidly.
Changes in the lump’s appearance, such as redness, warmth, or increased tenderness, could indicate inflammation or infection, requiring prompt medical assessment. If the cyst causes tingling, numbness, or weakness in the foot, it may be pressing on a nerve. Early evaluation ensures appropriate management, alleviating symptoms and improving comfort and mobility.