Retinal detachment occurs when the retina, a light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye, separates from its underlying support layers. This separation deprives the retina of oxygen and nourishment, impairing its ability to send visual signals to the brain. Prompt treatment is necessary to preserve vision, as an untreated detachment can lead to permanent vision loss. Many people wonder about the safety of air travel when facing this condition or after its treatment.
Flying with Untreated Retinal Detachment
Flying with an untreated retinal detachment is generally not recommended due to the physiological changes that occur during air travel. Commercial airplane cabins are pressurized, but not to sea-level pressure; they typically maintain an atmospheric pressure equivalent to an altitude of 4,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. This reduction in atmospheric pressure can significantly affect the eye.
The primary concern is how these pressure changes might impact the detached retina. A decrease in external pressure can cause fluid accumulation behind the retina to expand or worsen existing tears, accelerating the detachment. The critical issue with a detached retina is the mechanical stress on the already compromised tissue.
An untreated retinal detachment is considered a medical emergency requiring immediate attention. Delaying treatment by undertaking air travel can exacerbate the condition, increasing the risk of permanent vision loss. Medical professionals advise against flying until a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate treatment have been completed. Ignoring these risks can lead to severe, irreversible damage to vision.
Air Travel After Retinal Detachment Surgery
Considerations for air travel change significantly after retinal detachment surgery, largely depending on the specific surgical technique used. Various methods exist to reattach the retina, and some involve placing substances inside the eye that react to atmospheric pressure changes.
When a gas bubble (such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) or perfluoropropane (C3F8)) is used as a tamponade agent during procedures like vitrectomy or pneumatic retinopexy, flying is strictly contraindicated. The gas bubble expands as atmospheric pressure decreases at higher altitudes, following Boyle’s Law. This expansion can lead to a dangerous increase in intraocular pressure, potentially causing severe damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. Patients must avoid air travel until the gas bubble has completely dissipated, which can take 2 to 8 weeks depending on the type and volume of gas used.
If silicone oil is used as a tamponade during vitrectomy, flying is generally considered safe. Unlike gas, silicone oil does not expand with changes in atmospheric pressure, posing no risk of increased intraocular pressure. However, silicone oil often requires a second surgical procedure for its removal, typically within 2 to 3 months.
For patients who have undergone scleral buckling surgery, which involves placing a silicone band around the outside of the eye to support the retina, flying is usually safe once the initial post-operative healing period is complete and no intraocular gas has been used. A scleral buckle can help limit changes in intraocular pressure. Nevertheless, it remains important to follow all post-operative instructions, including avoiding strenuous activities, and to obtain explicit clearance from the ophthalmologist before travel.
Official Recommendations and Medical Advice
Professional medical consultation is essential when considering air travel with a retinal detachment or after its treatment. While general guidelines exist, each individual’s situation is unique, requiring personalized advice from a qualified ophthalmologist. This consultation should cover the specific type of retinal detachment, the surgical procedure performed, and any remaining intraocular substances.
Discussing flight details, such as duration and destination, helps the ophthalmologist provide tailored recommendations. It is important to communicate any lingering symptoms or concerns. Medical and aviation bodies prioritize passenger safety, advising against air travel when conditions like unabsorbed intraocular gas bubbles pose a known risk.
Delaying medical attention for a suspected retinal detachment or flying against medical advice can have severe, irreversible consequences for vision. Patients must adhere strictly to their ophthalmologist’s post-operative instructions and avoid activities, including air travel, until explicit medical clearance.