Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain’s cavities, known as ventricles. This buildup can lead to increased pressure inside the skull, which may affect brain tissue. Many individuals with hydrocephalus can travel by air. Air travel for those with hydrocephalus requires careful consideration and preparation.
How Altitude Changes Affect Hydrocephalus
Changes in atmospheric pressure during air travel can influence intracranial pressure (ICP). Commercial airplane cabins are pressurized to an altitude equivalent of approximately 7,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. This reduction in barometric pressure can cause gases within the body to expand. For individuals with hydrocephalus, especially those with shunts, these pressure changes might impact the delicate balance of CSF flow.
Barometric pressure directly affects the intracranial pressure, which then influences CSF flow through a shunt. Some individuals may experience headaches with changes in barometric pressure, even without flying. While shunts are designed to manage CSF flow, rapid or significant shifts in external pressure can potentially alter the pressure dynamics within the brain.
Potential Risks During Air Travel
Individuals with hydrocephalus may experience symptoms during a flight due to pressure changes or general travel factors. A primary concern is the possibility of shunt malfunction, where the device either drains too much or too little CSF. Symptoms of a shunt issue can include headache, nausea, vomiting, changes in vision, or increased tiredness. These symptoms might be subtle or more pronounced.
Transient symptoms, such as headaches, nausea, or vomiting, have been reported by some shunted individuals after air travel. These symptoms typically resolve within a few days to two weeks following the flight. General flight factors like dehydration and fatigue can also contribute to discomfort or exacerbate existing symptoms. Over-draining, where the shunt removes CSF too quickly, can lead to symptoms like headaches or dizziness.
Preparing for Your Flight
Consulting with a neurosurgeon or doctor well in advance of the trip is a primary step. This medical consultation ensures that the individual’s specific condition and history are considered for travel suitability. Medical professionals can provide personalized advice and address any potential concerns.
Carrying essential medical documentation is also important for travel. This includes a shunt card or similar medical alert information that identifies the type of shunt and its settings. Copies of recent medical records and brain scans can also be useful in an emergency. The Hydrocephalus Association offers a mobile application, HydroAssist®, where individuals can store their treatment history and access it from their devices.
Staying well-hydrated throughout the journey is advised. Individuals should also monitor any changes in their symptoms during the flight. Informing travel companions about the condition and potential symptoms can be helpful for support. Airport security procedures, including walking through metal detectors, are generally considered safe for those with shunts and are unlikely to affect shunt settings.
When to Consult Your Doctor Before Flying
Flying is generally ill-advised if there has been recent shunt surgery or a recent shunt malfunction. Any uncontrolled or worsening hydrocephalus symptoms also necessitate medical review prior to travel. Active infections or other significant changes in overall health status are also reasons to delay travel.
The decision to fly should always be made in close consultation with a healthcare professional who understands the individual’s specific condition. They can assess the stability of the hydrocephalus and the functionality of the shunt. This professional guidance ensures the safest possible travel plan.