An ear infection occurs when a virus or bacteria infects the middle ear, the air-filled space behind the eardrum. This causes inflammation and fluid buildup, leading to earache. Many people question the safety of air travel with an ear infection due to potential discomfort and complications.
Understanding Ear Pressure During Flight
The Eustachian tube, a narrow passage connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat, regulates air pressure within the middle ear. This tube ensures the pressure matches the external environment.
During ascent, cabin pressure decreases, expanding air in the middle ear and pushing on the eardrum. During descent, cabin pressure increases, pulling the eardrum inward. The Eustachian tube typically opens to equalize this pressure, often causing a “popping” sensation. Difficulty equalizing pressure, known as ear barotrauma or “airplane ear,” can occur if an ear infection obstructs the Eustachian tube.
Types of Ear Infections and Flying Risk
Flying risk varies by ear infection type. Otitis media, a middle ear infection, is a significant concern for air travel. It involves inflammation and fluid behind the eardrum, blocking the Eustachian tube. This obstruction prevents effective pressure equalization during flight, leading to pain and complications. Children are particularly susceptible due to their narrower, more horizontal Eustachian tubes.
In contrast, otitis externa, or “swimmer’s ear,” is an outer ear canal infection. While painful, it poses less direct risk to pressure equalization as it affects the external ear, not the middle ear’s pressure system. However, severe swelling or discharge could still cause discomfort. It is recommended to avoid flying until any ear infection has cleared.
Potential Complications and When to Avoid Flying
Flying with an ear infection, particularly otitis media, can lead to complications. Rapid cabin pressure changes cause severe pain and discomfort. A significant risk is eardrum rupture, or perforation, if the pressure difference becomes too extreme. While often temporary, a ruptured eardrum can be painful and may take weeks to heal.
Other issues include temporary hearing loss, dizziness, or vertigo. Pressure changes can worsen the infection or prolong recovery. Avoid flying with severe pain or an active middle or inner ear infection. Postpone air travel if you have had recent ear surgery, an unhealed eardrum perforation, or fluid behind the eardrum. Delay flying if fever or other systemic symptoms are present.
Managing Ear Discomfort During Flight
If flying is unavoidable or the infection is mild, strategies can minimize discomfort. Consult a doctor before travel for personalized advice and medication. A healthcare provider might recommend decongestants or antihistamines to reduce Eustachian tube inflammation, aiding pressure equalization. Over-the-counter pain relievers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage discomfort.
During ascent and descent, use techniques to equalize ear pressure. These include frequent swallowing, chewing gum, or yawning, which encourage Eustachian tubes to open. The Valsalva maneuver, gently exhaling with a closed mouth and pinched nose, also helps force air into the tubes. Special air travel earplugs, like EarPlanes, slow pressure changes, allowing ears more time to adjust. Staying hydrated and avoiding sleep during takeoff and landing are recommended, as swallowing occurs less frequently during sleep.